Describe how Convection Currents work. Include where the heat comes from and why it goes in a circular motion.
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Describe how Convection Currents work. Include where the heat comes from and why it goes in a circular motion.
Convection currents are flowing fluid that is moving because there is a temperature or density difference within the material.
Because particles within a solid are fixed in place, convection currents are seen only in gases and liquids. A temperature difference leads to an energy transfer from an area of higher energy to one of lower energy.
Convection is a heat transfer process. When currents are produced, matter is moved from one location to another. So this is also a mass transfer process.
Convection that occurs naturally is called natural convection or free convection. If a fluid is circulated using a fan or a pump, it's called forced convection. The cell formed by convection currents is called a convection cell or Bénard cell.
Answer:
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Convection currents form because a heated fluid expands, becoming less dense. The less-dense heated fluid rises away from the heat source. As it rises, it pulls cooler fluid down to replace it. This fluid in turn is heated, rises and pulls down more cool fluid.
ALSO: Convection currents are the result of differential heating. Lighter (less dense), warm material rises while heavier (more dense) cool material sinks. It is this movement that creates circulation patterns known as convection currents in the atmosphere, in water, and in the mantle of Earth.