Describe how Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection can explain the spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms like MRSA.
Answers
while explaining the concept , Darwin says that all the organisms reproduce prolifically. all the organisms compete with each other in a life threatening manner. in this competition only those organisms sustain which show the modification essential for winning the competition. however besides this , natural selection and the rest perish. sustaining the selected organisms can perform reproduction and thereby give rise to the new species and give rise to the new species with their own specific characters. Darwin's natural theory of selection was widely accepted for longer duration . however some objections were raised :
1. natural selection is not the factor responsible for evolution.
2. darwin did not mention any explanation about useful and useless modification.
3. there is no explanation about slow and abrupt changes.
irrespective to all these objections , darwins work on evolution has been a milestone.
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Evolutionary biologist Charles Darwin has met with many species and have collected numerous of them for observational purposes, after a brief review of each species he has encountered and summarized into a theory known as "Theory of Natural Selection" which promoted the factor of survival in a large world by "Survival of the Fittest".
Conceptually this meant by Darwin, all the living organisms are capable of reproducing prolifically and prominently, these organisms then compete or take part in a grievous competition getting their lives at stake. Those who pass the stages of competition and sustain themselves competitively are allowed to make some changes in the nature for the next coming competition. Reproduction and Modification of these new organisms make them essentially effectual for persisting to next stages, this makes the organisms to give rise and form new species with some specific characters. Since, the natural selection is not the main cause of evolution but,, it can give rise to mutation or starts of the mutatory by reproductive fitness.
Now coming to the example of MRSA which can get resistance to a antibiotic, antibiotic resistance is a consequence of evolution via the methodology of Natural Selection. The antibiotic action is dependent upon environmental pressure with which those bacteria or microorganisms will have a mutation allowing them to survive for a long time and will live on from time to time to reproduce efficiently. Then they will further on pass on this particular newly obtained trait to their offsprings making them fully resistant in that generation.
There were some objections thrown to this theory of natural selection::
1) The gradual changes of slow and stopping or abruptly changing about organisms have not been explained.
2) Only Natural selection is not the only factor taking account of evolution as it happens due to several factors to decide the eventuality of the organism and it's reproductive offsprings.
3) There was again no explanation given about how is the usefully occurring modification actually "Useful". If that modification or mutation is not useful then there too was no explanation.