Question

describe how is cloning done
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Answer 1

Answer:

The cloning in animals is done by the transfer of nucleus of a cell.The nucleus of a normal body cell of the animal is transferred into an empty egg cell.The newly formed egg cell is allowed to develop normally.An exact copy of the animal is produced.

Explanation:

DNA cloning is the process of making multiple copies of a particular segment of DNA. During this technique, the selected DNA fragment is inserted into a plasmid (the circular piece of DNA) using enzymes. Restriction enzymes and DNA ligase are used in the process.

The restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA fragments at specific sequences and DNA ligase enzymes are used to join the nicks. The recombinant DNA thus produced is introduced into bacteria. These bacteria reproduce and produce an exact copy of the plasmid. These copies are known as clones.

The DNA molecules produced through the cloning techniques are used for many purposes which include:

1. DNA cloning can be used to make proteins such as insulin with biomedical techniques.

2. It is used to develop recombinant versions of the non-functional gene to understand the functioning of the normal gene. This is applied in gene therapies also.

3. It helps to analyse the effect of mutation on a particular gene.

Answer 2

Answer
Refer the attachment

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