Describe how multipurpose dams solve the twin problem of flood and draught?
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
We know that water is necessary, both for sustainable human development and for the healthy functioning of the planet’s ecosystem. Availability of freshwater globally however, is limited. Out of the 2.7 per cent of a total amount of 1 400 million km3 of freshwater, the major portion occurs in the form of permanent snow cover or deep aquifers and only a small fraction is available for use.
Today, droughts and floods are a common feature and their co-existence poses a potent threat, which cannot be eradicated but has to be managed. Transfer of the surplus monsoon water to areas of water deficit is a potential possibility. This would also help create additional irrigational potential, the generation of hydropower, as well as overcoming regional imbalances.Floods are recurrent phenomena in India. Due to different climatic and rainfall patterns in different regions, it has been the experience that, while some parts are suffering devastating floods, another part is suffering drought at the same time. With the increase in population and development activity, there has been a tendency to occupy the floodplains, which has resulted in damage of a more serious nature over the years. Often, because of the varying rainfall distribution, areas which are not traditionally prone to floods also experience severe inundation. Drought is a recurrent natural feature which results from the lack of precipitation over an extended period of time (e.g. a season or several years). It is a temporary deviation of rainfall and moisture conditions from the mean, thus differing from aridity and seasonal aridity. It is a creeping phenomenon and, unlike other hazards, can last for months and, in severe cases, years
The National Water Policy adopted by the National Water Resources Council in April 2002 highlights the provisions for project planning, surface- and groundwater development, irrigation and flood control.
Irrigation plays a major role in increasing the production of food grains.
Multipurpose dams:
- Dams help to control floods as it helps to store rain and river water to control famine as it helps to supply water through canals. The dam is an obstacle of stopping or limiting the underground streams or flow of water.
- Dam reservoirs not only stops floods but also gives water for farming as well as human activities such as irrigation, personal consumption, aquaculture, industrial use, and navigability. Dams also helps in generating electricity.
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