Question

Describe how salts are reabsorbed against a concentration gradient.
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Answer 1

The reabsorption of salts against a concentration gradient is a vital process that ensures the proper balance of electrolytes in the body. Active transport mechanisms such as the sodium-potassium pump play a crucial role in this process.

• Salts, such as sodium and chloride ions, are crucial for various physiological processes in the body and are filtered out of the blood by the kidneys.
• However, the body needs to conserve these ions to maintain the proper balance of electrolytes.
• This is accomplished through the process of reabsorption in the renal tubules.
• Reabsorption of salts occurs against a concentration gradient, meaning that the ions move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
• This requires the use of active transport mechanisms that pump the ions across the membrane of the renal tubules.
• These pumps use energy in the form of ATP to move the ions against their concentration gradient.

• One such mechanism is the sodium-potassium pump, which actively transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.
• This creates a concentration gradient that allows sodium to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream from the tubule.
• Chloride ions are also reabsorbed alongside sodium, as they are attracted to the positively charged sodium ions.

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