describe how the acid managed to reach the pulp cavity
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Pulp (tooth)
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Pulp
Blausen 0863 ToothAnatomy 02.png
Section of a human molar
Details
Identifiers
Latin pulpa dentis
MeSH D003782
TA98 A05.1.03.051
TA2 934
FMA 55631
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
Legend: 1 - Odontoblast layer; 2 - Cell-free zone of Weil; 3 - Cell-rich zone; 4 - Pulp core
The pulp is the part in the center of a tooth made up of living connective tissue and cells called odontoblasts. The pulp is a part of the dentin–pulp complex (endodontium).[1] The vitality of the dentin-pulp complex, both during health and after injury, depends on pulp cell activity and the signaling processes that regulate the cell's behavior.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
Contents
1 Anatomy
2 Development
3 Internal structure
3.1 The plexus of Raschkow
3.2 Pulp Innervation
4 Functions
5 Pulp Testing
6 Pulpal Diagnoses
6.1 Normal Pulp
6.2 Reversible Pulpitis
6.2.1 Common Causes [17]
6.2.2 Symptoms [17]
6.2.3 How it is diagnosed[6]
6.2.4 Treatment [6]
6.2.5 Prevention [17]
6.3 Irreversible Pulpitis
6.3.1 Complications
6.4 Pulp Necrosis
6.4.1 Symptoms
6.4.2 Diagnosis
6.4.3 Prognosis & Treatment
7 Pulp response to caries
8 Pulp Stones
9 See also
10 References
11 Further reading
Anatomy
The pulp is the neurovascular bundle central to each tooth, permanent or primary. It comprises a central pulp chamber, pulp horns, and radicular canals. The large mass of pulp is contained within the pulp chamber, which is contained in and mimics the overall shape of the crown of the tooth.[2] Because of the continuous deposition of dentine, the pulp chamber becomes smaller with age. This is not uniform throughout the coronal pulp but progresses faster on the floor than on the roof or side walls.
Radicular pulp canals extend down from the cervical region of the crown to the root apex. They are not always straight but vary in shape, size, and number. They are continuous with the periapical tissues through the apical foramen or foramina.
The total volumes of all the permanent teeth organs is 0.38cc and the mean volume of a single adult human pulp is 0.02cc.
Accessory canals are pathways from the radicular pulp, extending laterally through the dentin to the periodontal tissue seen especially in the apical third of the root. Accessory canals are also called lateral canals because they are usually located on the lateral surface of the roots of the teeth.
Development
The pulp has a background similar to that of dentin, because both are derived from the dental papilla of the tooth germ. During odontogenesis, when the dentin forms around the dental papilla, the innermost tissue is considered pulp.[9]
SDEO: Dental pulp of a stained and decalcified tooth.[10]
There are 4 main stages of tooth development:
1. Bud stage
2. Cap stage
3. Bell stage
4. Crown stage
The first signs of tooth development are known to be as early as 6th week of intrauterine life. The oral epithelium begins to multiply and invaginates into ectomesenchyme cells which gives rise to dental lamina. The dental lamina is the origin of the tooth bud. The bud stage progresses to the cap stage when the epithelium forms the enamel organ. The ectomesenchyme cells condense further and become dental papilla. Together, the epithelial enamel organ and ectomesenchymal dental papilla and follicle form the tooth germ. The dental papilla is the origin of dental pulp. Cells at the periphery of the dental papilla undergo cell division and differentiation to becomes odontoblasts. Pulpoblasts form in the middle of the pulp. This completes the formation of the pulp. The dental pulp is essentially a mature dental papilla.[11]
The development of dental pulp can also be split into two stages:
The coronal pulp development (near the crown of tooth) and root pulp development (apex of tooth).
The pulp develops 4 regions from the periphery to the central pulp:
Odontoblast layer
Cell free zone – likely to be an artefact
Cell rich zone
Pulp core [12]
Internal structure
Pulpal dentin junction. 1) outside tooth/enamel 2) dentin tubule 3) dentin 4) odontoblastic process 5) predentin 6) odontoblast 7) capillaries 8) fibroblasts 9) nerve 10) artery/vein 11) cell-rich zone 12) cell-poor zone 13) pulp chamber
The central region of the coronal and radicular pulp contains large nerve trunks and blood vessels.