Describe in brief the technological and institutional reforms which lead to Green Revolution and white revolution in India.
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Answers
Green Revolution means revolution in the field of agricultural production due to the introduction of various technological and institutional reforms.
Factors responsible :
(i) Agriculture was given the top priority in Five Year Plans.
(ii) The development of HYV seeds of wheat in the early 60s, and those of rice in 70s laid the foundation of the Green Revolution in India.
(iii) Several schemes for irrigation were undertaken, and arid and semi-arid areas were brought under cultivation.
(iv) Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, abolition of the Zamindari system, etc., were given top priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after independence.
(v) Cropped insurance scheme was launched by the government to protect the farmers against losses caused by crop failure on account of natural calamities like drought, flood, hailstorm, cyclone, fire, etc.
(vi) Easy availability of capital or investment, input through a well knit network of rural banking and small scale co-operative societies with low interest rates were other facilities provided to the farmers for the modernisation of agriculture.
White Revolution
• A number of cattle development projects have been initiated by the government.
• Dairy co-operative which perform the following functions:
(i) They collect and market milk.
(ii) They provide butter and cheese to urban population.
(iii) They have ended the exploitation by the middle men.