Describe life cycle of a pteridophyte
with proper diagram?
Answers
Answer:
The life cycle of pteridophytes is a continuous reproductive process that is dominated by the sporophyte (sexual) stage of the alternation of generations. Fern spores are catapulted into the air, and the spores develop into heart-shaped haploid gametophytes that contain both male and female sex organs.
Explanation:
The life cycle of pteridophytes is a continuous reproductive process that is dominated by the sporophyte (sexual) stage of the alternation of generations. Fern spores are catapulted into the air, and the spores develop into heart-shaped haploid gametophytes that contain both male and female sex organs. As the young gametophyte matures, the sex organs become active. In ferns, the male reproductive organ is the antheridium, which produces and releases sperm. The female reproductive organ is the archegonium, at the base of which lies the egg. Fern reproduction requires water for the sperm to swim to the archegonium and fertilize the egg. The presence of water is essential for maintaining genetically healthy sporophytes. Sperm, released in large numbers from many gametophytes, swim through the same waters that contain the archegonium. Thus, sperm cells from the same gametophyte do not necessarily fertilize that gametophyte's egg. Without this opportunity for cross-fertilization, inbreeding might lead to a rise of harmful recessive alleles.
A fertilized egg, or zygote, grows through the process of mitosis (cell division), producing roots, stems, and a new sporophyte. Embryonic sporophytes are initially tightly curled structures called fiddleheads that unfurl as they grow into fronds (leaf-like structures). The mature frond is the sporophyte, which contains multiple clusters of sporangia, sacs that hold asexual spores. Spores form by meiosis and are released into the air, and the life cycle continues.
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Explanation:
The life cycle of pteridophytes is a continuous reproductive process that is dominated by the sporophyte (sexual) stage of the alternation of generations. Fern spores are catapulted into the air, and the spores develop into heart-shaped haploid gametophytes that contain both male and female sex organs.