Describe major factors of Nastionalism in France in points.
Please experts I need answer in points and if u can make it short.
Answers
Factors
- Napoleon Bonaparte promoted French nationalism based upon the ideals of the French Revolution such as the idea of "liberty, equality, fraternity" and justified French expansionism and French military campaigns on the claim that France had the right to spread the enlightened ideals of the French Revolution across Europe
- The French Revolution showed that Nationalism can be affected by external factors including historical, social, economic, geographical, and political
Answer:
Like air, nationalism is both ubiquitous and elusive. It permeates the global system, states, peoples’ behavior and can be seen as both conservative and as a revolutionary force, threating the status quo. The end of nationalism has been predicted multiple times. When Eric Hobsbawm wrote his seminal study on nationalism in the 1980s, he saw his subject as a dying breed (Hobsbawm, 1990). Yet, the end of the cold war ushered in a period nationalism, reflected in civil wars and genocide from Yugoslavia to Rwanda. Until recently, that period of nationalist resurgence appeared behind us.
Over the past years, rising nationalism is seen everywhere and in everything. From the election of Donald Trump to Brexit, the nationalist policies of the Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe, his Indian counterpart Narendra Modi and the Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the success of far-right parties in Italian, German and Austrian elections in 2017 and 2018, nationalism appears to be on rise globally (Bremmer, 2017; Economist, 2016; Economist, 2017b). News coverage of nationalism has been global, focusing on US elections, and British referendum, but also government policies in Philippines, China and India, as well as in South Africa (Google Trends).
After the defeat of Marine Le Pen in French
The idea of a homogenous group, confronted by outsiders, who merit exclusion, interlinks with broad authoritarian and populist trends. Next to media reports about a global rise of nationalism, the ‘populist explosion’ (Judis, 2016) and the global decline of democracy (Puddington, 2017) have been key themes in global reporting. Authoritarianism, populism and nationalism are interlinked, yet distinct phenomena.
Finally, a key risk of nationalism is the increase in ethnic conflict, as had been the case during the nationalist wave in the early 1990s. What is commonly called ‘ethnic conflict’ is often closely enmeshed with other causes, including ideology, religion, external actors or political groups competing for power or resources. Some scholars have argued that greed and structrual causes, such as geography and demography, are better at explaining conflict than grievance and identity-based factors (Collier & Hoeffler,
Size of groups based on the data from last census, statistical office (except the Czech Republic, data from 2001 due to boycott in 2011 of nationality question by many citizens and Greece, as Greece does not ask about national identity. Census results between 2010/2013, except Ukraine (2001).