Question

describe measures of soil conservation

Answer 1

There are many of ;
1.Contour ploughing.
2.Terrace farming.
3.Keyline design.
4.Crop rotation
5.windbreaks.
hope it will help++@momoko

Answer 2

Crop rotation: Crop rotation is planned sequence of cropping. Rotation of crop is an important method for checking erosion and maintaining productivity of soil. A good rotation should include densely planted small grain crops, spreading legume crop etc. which may check soil erosion.

Strip Cropping: It consists of growing erosion permitting crop (e.g. Jowar, Bajra, Maize etc.) in alternate strips with erosion checking close growing crops (e.g. grasses, pulses etc.). Strip cropping employs several good farming practices including crop rotation, contour cultivation, proper tillage, stubbles mulching, cover cropping etc. It is very effective and practical means for controlling soil erosion, specially for gently slopping land. It may be of different types as follows: Contour strip Cropping, Field Strip Cropping, Wind Strip Cropping, Buffer Strip Cropping

Cultivation of dense plant and grasses: Sod forming crop such as lucern, Egyptian Cloveror. Berseem, ground nut, grass etc. cover the surface of the land and their roots bind the soil particles to form soil aggregates, thus preventing soil erosion.

Cultivation of proper crops: Cultivation of row crop in sloppy lands permits soil erosion. In this filed, the crops particularly cereals, fodder crop etc. should be broad casted and the plants remain haphazardly in field. As a result, the movement of water gets obstacle and more water is absorbed in the soil, thus reducing soil erosion.

The land should not be kept without crop: There is very scope of soil erosion if there are no crops on the land. The soil erosion decreases in different way of cropped land.

Afforestation: Afforestation means growing of forests where there were no forests before owing to lack of seed trees or due to adverse factors such as unstable soil, aridity or swampiness. Along with afforestation, reforestation should be undertaken which means replanting of forests at places where they have been destroyed by uncontrolled forest fires, excessive felling and lopping. Afforestation is the best means to check the soil erosion.

Organic manure: Organic manures improve the soil structure. The crumb and granular structure increases the infiltration and permeability in the soil and conserve the soil water. Consequently soil erosion decreases.

Control of grazing: Grazing increases the soil erosion. But the grazing cannot be completely stopped in all areas. So the restricted and rotational grazing may be helpful in checking soil erosion to some extent. The area open to grazing for sometimes should be closed for the following year to facilitate regeneration of forests and to maintain thick ground vegetation.