Describe one method ti determine the size of nucleys
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Answer:
Through the Rutherford experiment, it was possible to obtain the size of the nucleus. By obtaining the point of closest approach of an alpha particle, we could calculate the size of the nucleus. By firing alpha particles of kinetic energy 5.5 MeV, the point of closest approach was calculated to be about 4×10-14m. Since the repulsive force acting here is Coulomb repulsion, there is no contact. This means that the size of the nucleus is smaller than 4×10-14m.
By firing alpha particles of greater energy and after many more iterations of the experiment, the sizes of the nuclei of various elements have been accurately measured. Through this, we have obtained a formula to measure the size of the nucleus.
R =R0A13
Where R0 = 1.2×10-15m. This means that the volume of the nucleus which is proportional to R3 is proportional to A (mass number). One thing that should also be noticed is that there seems to be no mention of density in the equation. That’s because the density of the nuclei does not vary with elements. All nuclei have the same density. The density of the nucleus is approximately 2.3×1017 kgm-3. This is very high compared to the density of normal things, ie water (1000 kgm-3) or air (1.225 kgm-3). This is because most of the atom is empty and all the mass is concentrated in a very tiny space.
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