Describe processes of population change /growth :-
Answers
★ There are three main processes of change of population :
• Birth rates
• Death rates
• Migration
The natural increase of population is the difference between birth rates and death rates.
★ Birth rates :
- Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year. It is a major component of growth because in India, birth rates have always been higher than death rates.
★ Death rates :
- Death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year. The main cause of the rate of growth of the Indian population has been the rapid decline in death rates.
- Till 1980, hi birth rates and declining that rates led to a large difference between birth rates and death rates resulting in higher rates of population growth. Since 1981, birth rates have also started declining gradually, resulting in a gradual decline in the rate of population growth.
★ Migration :
- Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. Migration can be internal (within the country) or international (between the countries).
- Internal migration doesn't change the size of the population, but influences the distribution of population within the nation. Migration plays a very significant role in changing the composition and distribution of population.
In India, most migrations have been from rural to urban areas because of the “Push” factor in rural areas. These are adverse conditions of poverty and unemployment in the rural areas and the “Pull” of the city ine terms of increased employment opportunities and better living conditions.
Migration is an important determinant of population change. It changes not only the population size but also the population composition of urban and rural population in terms of age and sex composition. In India, the rural – urban migration has resulted in a steady increase in the percentage of population in cities and towns.