Describe reign of terror
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Reign of Terror lasted from September 1793 until the fall of Robespierre in 1794. Its purpose was to purge France of enemies of the Revolution and protect the country from foreign invaders.
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Explanation:
- The period from 1793 to 1794 is referred to as the Reign of Terror. Robespierre followed a policy of severe control and punishment.
- All those whom he saw as being ëenemiesí of therepublic ñ ex-nobles and clergy, members of other political parties, even members of his own party who did not agree with his methods ñ were arrested, imprisoned and then tried by a revolutionary tribunal.
- If the court found them guilty they were guillotined. The guillotine is a device consisting of two poles and a blade with which a person is beheaded. It was named after Dr Guillotin who invented it.
- Robespierreís government issued laws placing a maximum ceiling on wages and prices. Meat and bread were rationed. Peasants were forced to transport their grain to the cities and sell it at prices fixed by the government.
- The use of more expensive white flour was forbidden; all citizens were required to eat the pain díÈgalitÈ (equality bread), a loaf made of wholewheat. Equality was also sought to be practised through forms of speech and address.
- Instead of the traditional Monsieur (Sir) and Madame (Madam) all French men and women were henceforth Citoyen and Citoyenne (Citizen).
- Churches were shut down and their buildings converted into barracks or offices. Robespierre pursued his policies so relentlessly that even his supporters began to demand moderation.
- Finally, he was convicted by a court in July 1794, arrested and on the next day sent to the guillotine.
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