Describe religious policy of Akbar
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Answer:
Akbar is known for his liberal ideas and liberal religious policy. He adopted a policy of mutual understanding and reconciliation among followers of different faiths and equality of all religions. He tried to harmonize the relations. He founded a new religion known as ‘Din-i-Ilahi’ based on the common points of all religions. Of course, in this endeavor he was not successful.
Akbar followed the policy of religious toleration on account of the following major considerations:
1. Influence of the age over Akbar:
In the words of Dr. H.N. Sinha: “The sixteenth century is a century of religious revival in the history of the world. The grand currents of the reformation compare favourably with the staging up of a new life in India. India experienced an awakening that quickened her progress and virtualized her national life.
The dominant note of this awakening was love and liberalism—love that united man to God and therefore to his brother man and liberalism, born of this love that levelled down the barrier of caste and creed, and took its stand on the bedrock of human existence and essence of all religions—Universal Brotherhood. With glorious ideals it inspired the Hindus and Muslim alike, and they forgot for a time the trivialities of their creed. To the Muslim as to the Hindu, it heralded the dawn of a new era, to the Muslim with the birth of the promised Mahdi, to the Hindu with the realization of the all-absorbing love of God.” The Bhakti cult and the Sufis preached religious toleration.
2. Strength and prosperity of an empire depends upon unity of its people:
Dr. V.A. Smith explained the aim of his religious policy in his own words thus: “For an empire ruled by one head, it was a bad thing to have the members divided among themselves, at variance one with the other…We ought, therefore, to bring them all into one, but in such fashion that they should be one and with the great advantage of not losing what is good in any one religion, while gaining whatever is better in another. In that way honour would be rendered to God, peace would be given to the people and security to the empire.”
3. Truth in every religion.
4. Influence of several personalities.
Main steps taken for religious harmony:
1. Equal treatment with subjects of all faiths.
2. Abolition of ‘Jazia’ and other taxes imposed on the Hindus.
3. Matrimonial alliances with Hindu families.
4. Employment of Hindus at higher posts.
5. Freedom of worship to all.
6. Founding a new religion based on the common points of all religions.
Impact of Akbar’s policy:
1. Empire became strong.
2. An environment of good will was developed.
3. Social reforms took place.
4. Cultural unity emerged.
5. Akbar got the credit of being a national king
Answer:
The basic purpose of Akbar’s religious policy was universal tolerance. It was also known as the principle of peace with all, ie peaceful behavior with all. The akbar adopted the policy of peace in place of Islamic doctrine. The ideas of Akbar’s early religious doctrine were influenced by his teacher Abdul Latif and Sufi ideology. In order to debate the philosophical and theological subjects, Akbar established aibaadatakhaana (prayer-building) in his capital Fatehpur Sikri in 1575 AD. Akbar had the craving for greater knowledge about Islam’s religion behind the creation of aibaadatakhaana. Akbar initially invited Islam only to the Apostolas in Islam. But later in 1578 AD, he was unhappy with his conduct. In the beginning, he started inviting all the scholars, that is, he made the religion. To take all the religious matters in his hands, Akbar, in 1579 AD, A Mhazrnama or a manifesto was issued in Who made him supreme in the affairs of religion. This was the sign of five auspices or Islamic theologians. Mhazr Smith and Bulgeley Hague said the exact order. Mhazr After the release of , Akbar assumed the title of Sultan-e-Adil or Imam-e-Adil (Justice Ruler). In this document (Mhazr ) it has been called .Amir al-Mu’minin.
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