describe Rutherford model of atom
Answers
- There is a positively charged centre in an atom called the nucleus. Nearly all the mass of an atom resides in the nucleus.
- The electrons revolve around the nucleus in circular paths.
- The size of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom.
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Rutherford model, also called Rutherford atomic model, nuclear atom, or planetary model of the atom, description of the structure of atoms proposed (1911) by the New Zealand-born physicist Ernest Rutherford. The model described the atom as a tiny, dense, positively charged core called a nucleus, in which nearly all the mass is concentrated, around which the light, negative constituents, called electrons, circulate at some distance, much like planets revolving around the Sun.
(a) Rutherford conducted experiment with a gold foil bombarded with fast moving alpha particles.
1. A gold foil with 1000 atoms thick has been taken
2. Helium ions are used to bombard the gold foil.
3. It was expected that the alpha particles would be deflected by the subatomic particles in the gold atoms. Since the alpha particles were much heavier than the protons, he did not expected to see large deflections.
Alpha particle scattering experiment output was unexpected
Observations:
a) Most of the fast-moving alpha particles passed through the gold foil
b) Some of the alpha particles were deflected by the foil by small angles.
c) 12000 particles appeared to rebound.
Conclusion:
a) Most of the atom is hollow.
b) The small angle deviation of the alpha particles confirms the presence of a positively charged centre called nucleus.
c) The nucleus of an atom is solid as the ray returns on its path and is very small in size.
Drawbacks of this model:
1. He failed to explain the stability of the atom.
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