Question

Describe Rutherford's nuclear model of an atom

Answer 1

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Answer 2

ᴀᴄᴄᴏʀᴅɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴜᴛʜᴇʀғᴏʀᴅ ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴍᴏᴅᴇʟ: ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴏsɪᴛɪᴠᴇʟʏ ᴄʜᴀʀɢᴇᴅ ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴏsᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀss ᴏғ ᴀɴ ᴀᴛᴏᴍ ᴡᴀs ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴀɴ ᴇxᴛʀᴇᴍᴇʟʏ sᴍᴀʟʟ ᴠᴏʟᴜᴍᴇ. ʜᴇ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴛʜɪs ʀᴇɢɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴛᴏᴍ ᴀs ᴀ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs. ʀᴜᴛʜᴇʀғᴏʀᴅ ᴍᴏᴅᴇʟ ᴘʀᴏᴘᴏsᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴇɢᴀᴛɪᴠᴇʟʏ ᴄʜᴀʀɢᴇᴅ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀᴏɴs sᴜʀʀᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs ᴏғ ᴀɴ ᴀᴛᴏᴍ.

Rutherford's atomic model failed because

It could not explain the stability of electrons in the orbits.

The electrons revolving in orbits are accelerating charged particles which will emit electromagnetic radiations which carry energy.

Due to continuous loss of energy the electron will revolve in a spiral path and finally will fall into nucleus. In this way, electrons can't exist outside the nucleus.