Describe structure and functional of Golgi apparatus
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Answer:
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle present in most eukaryotic cells. It is made up of membrane-bound sacs, and is also called a Golgi body, Golgi complex, or dictyosome. The job of the Golgi apparatus is to process and bundle macromolecules like proteins and lipids as they are synthesized within the cell.
The Golgi apparatus is situated in between the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell membrane. Most often, the Golgi appears to be an extension of the endoplasmic reticulum which is slightly smaller and smoother in appearance. However, the Golgi apparatus can be easily mistaken for smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Although they look similar, the Golgi is an independent organelle which has different functions. The most prevalent theory of how the Golgi apparatus forms is the cisternal maturation model. This model suggests that the sacs themselves tend to move from the cis face to the trans face of the Golgi apparatus over time. New sacs are formed closest to the endoplasmic reticulum. These sacs “age” as they move towards the trans face of the Golgi apparatus and their product becomes fully mature. The Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum work together to produce new cell membrane, as well as recycle the cell membranes of vesicles by merging two membranes when vesicles are absorbed.
The Golgi also creates lysosomes. These sacs contain digestive materials. The sacs are pinched off from the Golgi apparatus, and they are used to process materials which have been phagocytized or to digest organelles which no longer function. The lysosome delivers raw ingredients to the endoplasmic reticulum.