Question

Describe the administrative measures of Gurjara-Pratiharas​

Answer 1

The Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty was an imperial power which ruled much of Northern India from the "mid-8th to the 11th century". They ruled first at Ujjain & later at Kannauj.

Explanation:

• In terms of governance, it preserved many of the ideas & traditions of the Gupta Empire (3rd century CE-6th century CE) and Harshavardhana. The King was paramount & a number of ministers & officials supported. Several minor kings & dynasties ruled as the king's vassals & were required to be loyal, pay the king a "fixed tribute", supply troops when required & conclude marriage alliances with the royal family. Some areas were directly administered by the "center", & divided into districts (vishaya/mandala ) & provinces (bhukti)
• They were administered by a governor (uparika) & a district head (vishayapati), respectively, who were entrusted with extracting land revenue & preserving law & order with the aid of the army units stationed in their area. As in earlier days, the village was the "basic unit of administration" managed by the headman & other officials, all paid by land grants. Several  vassals, however, were still looking forward to being independent & always battled against the king such as the  Chandellas & the Paramaras of the present-day Bundelkhand region (located in the "Uttar Pradesh & Madhya Pradesh" states).
• King held the state's highest position & had massive powers, and kings adopted major titles like "Maharajadhiraja", "Parmeshwara", & "Parambhaterak".  The kings' activities were also the naming of the samantas and the singing on giants and charities. The "samantas" used to provide military assistance to their Kinsis, and they fought for the Kings for the advice of the "high officers" in administration matters. Nevertheless, the inscriptions of that time contain no reference to mantriparishad or ministers.

Different officers in the administration of the Pratiharas

1. Kottapala: "Highest officer" of the fort.
2. Tantrapala: Representative of the king in "samanta states".
3. Dandapashika: He was highest officer of the police.
4. Dandanayaka: Looked after the justice & military  department.
5. Dutaka: Carried grants & order of the king to the concerned persons.
6. Bhangika: Officer who wrote order of grants & charities
7. Vynaharina: He was probably some legal expert and used to provide legal advice.
8. Baladhikrat: This officer has been usually referred as senapati by historians.

• The whole state had been split into several bhuktis. Every bhukti had several mandals and each mandala also had many cities and many villages. Therefore for "administrative convenience" the Pratiharas had divided their empire into various units. The samantas were known as "samantahipati Maha, or Pratihara Maha:. The villages are governed locally. The village elders were named "Mahattar" who took care of village administration. Gramapati was a state official who had worked on village administration issues.
• " City administration" has been looked after by councils referred to in the inscriptions of the Pratiharas as Panchakula, Goshthi, Uttar sobha &  Sanviyaka. Hence the Pratiharas administration was very effective. It was because of effective governance that  the Pratiharas were capable of protecting India against the Arabs' attacks.

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