describe the cause and the conse quence of the first carnati war
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The three Karnatic (Carnatic) wars were fought in India (South) to gain control over swathes of land and an emerging market.
In the 1600s four East India companies had arrived from Europe, these were: The British East India Company, The French East India Company, The Dutch East India Company and the Portuguese East India Company. By 1700s the Dutch and the Portuguese East India Companies had faded away and only the French East India Company and the British East India company remained active in India.
In 1707, Aurangzeb, the last powerful Mughal, died, leaving a massive power vacuum and an ensuing power struggle which led to the establishment of Hyderabad as a separate princely state out of the sphere of Mughal control. The Hyderabad state would comprise of parts of Madras too (The entire karnatic region in South India). The French and the Brits both thought of utilising this to meet their ends of gaining control.
Joseph François Dupleix, the then governor of French East India Company, sought to expand French influence in India, but met his match in the young Robert Clive of England, a guy who would go on to become a English Lord.
The first Karnatic war was fought from 1744–1748. The Brits joining the war of Austrian succession in 1744 against the French was the major reason behind the first Karnatic war. During this war, initially the British navy captured French merchant ships which led to the French calling for support from its colony in Mauritius. In July 1746, French commander La Bourdonnais and British Admiral Edward Peyton fought an indecisive action off Negapatam, after which the British fleet withdrew to Bengal. On 21 September 1746, the French captured the British outpost at Madras. The British laid siege to Pondicherry, the largest French colony in India. The first Karnatic war ended with the end of war of Austrian succession. Madras was given back to the British.
The Second Karnatic war was fought between 1749–1754. After the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, the war of Austrian succession had ended. But the Brits and the French were still at loggerheads. Within a year the two were fighting it out in a proxy war in India. The French and British East India Companies were entangled in war in the Karnatic for a second time to prove supremacy. The war was fought between the British-backed Nizam of Hyderabad and the French-backed Chanda Sahib & Muzzafar Jung for the Nawabship of Arcot. Muzaffar Jung and Chanda Sahib were able to capture Arcot with French support. Meanwhile, Nasir Jung's subsequent death allowed Muzaffar Jung to take control of Hyderabad. Muzaffar's reign was short as he was soon killed, and Salabat Jung became Nawab. In 1751, Robert Clive led British troops to capture Arcot, and successfully defend it. The war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry, signed in 1754, which recognised Muhammad Ali Khan Walajah as the Nawab of the Karnatic.
The third Karnatic war was fought between 1756 and 1763. It was the direct result of the outbreak of seven years’ war in Europe in 1756. This was the only Karnatic war in which the war spread from South India to other parts such as Bengal. The war resulted in the end of all French East India Company Dreams in India.
The seven years’ war in Europe led to renewed rivalry between the Brits and French in India. British forces captured the French settlement of Chandannagar in 1757. In South India, the British successfully defended Madras and defeated the French in the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760. After Wandiwash, Pondicherry fell to the British in 1761. The war concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which returned Chandannagar and Pondicherry to France, and allowed the French to have trading posts and factories in India under British administration
In the 1600s four East India companies had arrived from Europe, these were: The British East India Company, The French East India Company, The Dutch East India Company and the Portuguese East India Company. By 1700s the Dutch and the Portuguese East India Companies had faded away and only the French East India Company and the British East India company remained active in India.
In 1707, Aurangzeb, the last powerful Mughal, died, leaving a massive power vacuum and an ensuing power struggle which led to the establishment of Hyderabad as a separate princely state out of the sphere of Mughal control. The Hyderabad state would comprise of parts of Madras too (The entire karnatic region in South India). The French and the Brits both thought of utilising this to meet their ends of gaining control.
Joseph François Dupleix, the then governor of French East India Company, sought to expand French influence in India, but met his match in the young Robert Clive of England, a guy who would go on to become a English Lord.
The first Karnatic war was fought from 1744–1748. The Brits joining the war of Austrian succession in 1744 against the French was the major reason behind the first Karnatic war. During this war, initially the British navy captured French merchant ships which led to the French calling for support from its colony in Mauritius. In July 1746, French commander La Bourdonnais and British Admiral Edward Peyton fought an indecisive action off Negapatam, after which the British fleet withdrew to Bengal. On 21 September 1746, the French captured the British outpost at Madras. The British laid siege to Pondicherry, the largest French colony in India. The first Karnatic war ended with the end of war of Austrian succession. Madras was given back to the British.
The Second Karnatic war was fought between 1749–1754. After the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, the war of Austrian succession had ended. But the Brits and the French were still at loggerheads. Within a year the two were fighting it out in a proxy war in India. The French and British East India Companies were entangled in war in the Karnatic for a second time to prove supremacy. The war was fought between the British-backed Nizam of Hyderabad and the French-backed Chanda Sahib & Muzzafar Jung for the Nawabship of Arcot. Muzaffar Jung and Chanda Sahib were able to capture Arcot with French support. Meanwhile, Nasir Jung's subsequent death allowed Muzaffar Jung to take control of Hyderabad. Muzaffar's reign was short as he was soon killed, and Salabat Jung became Nawab. In 1751, Robert Clive led British troops to capture Arcot, and successfully defend it. The war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry, signed in 1754, which recognised Muhammad Ali Khan Walajah as the Nawab of the Karnatic.
The third Karnatic war was fought between 1756 and 1763. It was the direct result of the outbreak of seven years’ war in Europe in 1756. This was the only Karnatic war in which the war spread from South India to other parts such as Bengal. The war resulted in the end of all French East India Company Dreams in India.
The seven years’ war in Europe led to renewed rivalry between the Brits and French in India. British forces captured the French settlement of Chandannagar in 1757. In South India, the British successfully defended Madras and defeated the French in the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760. After Wandiwash, Pondicherry fell to the British in 1761. The war concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which returned Chandannagar and Pondicherry to France, and allowed the French to have trading posts and factories in India under British administration
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