describe the causes of non cooperation movement.
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Answer:
The non-cooperation movement was a reaction towards the oppressive policies of the British Indian government such as the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar. ... In response to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and other violence in Punjab, the movement sought to secure Swaraj, independence for India.
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Rowlatt Act- Under the Rowlatt Act passed in 1919, fundamental rights such as freedom of expression were curbed and it strengthened the police powers. This act was passed under the viceroyalty of Lord Chelmsford which gave the government enormous
powers to repress political activities in the country, and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. The Act was criticised as “devilish” and tyrannical.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre- On 13 April 1919 the Jallianwalla Bagh incident took place. General Dyer opened fire on thousands of people gathered in Jallianwala Bagh killing hundreds. His object, as he declared later, was to ‘produce a moral effect’, on the people.
The First World War- The war created a new economic and political situation in the country. A huge increase in defence expenditure was seen, customs duties were raised and income tax introduced. Prices increased through the years, doubling between 1913 and 1918 leading to extreme hardship for the common people. Crop failure was witnessed in many parts of India, resulting in acute shortages of food. This was accompanied by an influenza epidemic. Even after the war was over, the hardships of people continued and no help was provided by the British.