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describe the characteristics of modern

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Answered by Ravisonkar
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following points are the characteristics of modern-:
Bureaucracy--impersonal, social hierarchies that practice a division of labor and are marked by a regularity of method and procedure

Disenchantment of the world--the loss of sacred and metaphysical understandings of al facets of life and culture

Rationalization--the world can be understood and managed through a reasonable and logical system of objectively accessible theories and data

Secularization--the loss of religious influence and/or religious belief at a societal level

Alienation--isolation of the individual from systems of meaning--family, meaningful work, religion, clan, etc.

Commodification--the reduction of all aspects of life to objects of monetary consumption and exchange

Decontexutalization--the removal of social practices, beliefs, and cultural objects from their local cultures of origin

Individualism --growing stress on individuals as opposed to meditating structures such as family, clan, academy, village, church

Nationalism--the rise of the modern nation-states as rational centralized governments that often cross local, ethnic groupings

Urbanization--the move of people, cultural centers, and political influence to large cities

Subjectivism--the turn inward for definitions and evaluations of truth and meaning

Linear-progression--preference for forms of reasoning that stress presuppositions and resulting chains of propositions

Objectivism--the belief that truth-claims can be established by autonomous information accessible by all

Universalism--application of ideas/claims to all cultures/circumstances regardless of local distinctions

Reductionism--the belief that something can be understood by studying the parts that make it up

Mass society--the growth of societies united by mass media and widespread dissemination of cultural practices as opposed to local and regional culture particulars

Industrial society--societies formed around the industrial production and distribution of products

Homogenization--the social forces that tend toward a uniformity of cultural ideas and products

Democratization--political systems characterized by free elections, independent judiciaries, rule of law, and respect of human rights

Mechanization--the transfer of the means of production from human labor to mechanized, advanced technology

Totalitarianism--absolutist central governments that suppress free expression and political dissent, and that practice propaganda and indoctrination of its citizens

Therapeutic motivations--the understanding that the human self is a product of evolutionary desires and that the self should be assisted in achieving those desires as opposed to projects of ethical improvement or pursuits of public virtue

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