describe the circumstances leading to outbreak of Revolutionary protest in France
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I) Unjust Taxation:
The members of the first and second estate were exempted from paying taxes. All the taxes were payed the the third estate.
II) Social disparity:
In the 17th century, the French society was divided into three groups called the estates.
Ist estate: Clergy
2nd estate: Nobility
3rd estate: Common People
III) Although the upper two classes made up only a small fraction of the total population, yet they were the people who controlled the political and economic system of the nation. They enjoyed all the rights and privileges. They enjoyed all the rights and privileges. The people belonging to the third estate didn't enjoy any political right.
IV) The rise of middle class:
The spread of industrial revolution led to the rise of the middle class. It was the class of businessman, traders, bankers, manufacturer etc. The middle - class people became the leaders of the revolution.
V) Influence of the philosophers and writers:
There were many French philosophers and thinkers like Montesquieu, Rousseau and Mirabeau, who infused people with the idea of liberty, equality and fraternity.
VI) Wild gap between the rich and the poor:
The population of France rose, this led to a rapid increase in the demand for food grains. But the production of food grains didn't keep pace with the demand and the price of the bread rose rapidly. Wages of labours didn't keep pace with the riding prices. So the gap between the rich and the poor widen.
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Answer:
Answer :
Following circumstances led to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France:
1. Inequality in the French Society- The eighteenth-century French society was divided into three estates namely; the Clergy, the Nobility, and the third estate. First, two estates were given certain privileges by birth, while the third estate was forced to pay heavy taxes and did not enjoy any privileges.
2. Political issues- King Louis XVI was considered to be a weak king who was influenced by his queen. On several occasions, the king displayed his inability to take strong decisions and was seen pursuing his interests over his people.
3. Survival crisis- The population of France grew from 23 million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789, which resulted in great demand for food grains. The prices of food grains went up, and the wages and salaries given to the laborers were insufficient. This led to a severe crisis where people realized that their survival is in danger.
4. Influence of American Revolutionaries- The French Society was introduced to revolutionary ideas by the American society. Freedom for all was demanded and people advocated for Republic over Monarchy. The revolutionary ideas of Americans influenced the French people.
5. Strong Middle class- Revolutionary ideas attracted the French society, and eventually, a new educated middle-class society emerged. People challenged the absolute rule of the King and demanded a liberal society and unrestricted trade.
6. Economic issues- On 5th May 1789, King Louis XVI called a meeting with the representatives of all the three estates to levy additional taxes on the members of third estate and they did not like the idea and voted against it. The king rejected their appeal which led to protests and marches against the King.
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