Question

describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak revolutionary protest in france

Answer 1

1 . Financial dismanagement : When Louis 16 became king the treasury was empty . 10%rate of interest was charged on big loans . So the french government was obliged to spend an increasing percentage of its budget on interest payments alone . To meet its regular expenses, such as cost of maintaining an extravagant court , government offices etc the state was forced to increase taxes.

2. French Society : The french society was divided into three estates . First was clergy , second was nobility and third was common people. Only people of third estate had to pay the taxes.

3. Unjust Taxes : Taxes such as tithes were imposed on the third estate . It included an indirect tax called taille which was levied on the items of everyday consumption.

4. Unequal distribution of land : Peasants comprised 60% of the population. Only small
number of them owned the land they cultivated. A large part of land was owned by church officials , and other richer members of third estate.

5. Food crisis : When population of France increased , it lead to increase in the demand of foodgrains .But the demand of foodgrains could not keep pace with the population .This lead to food crisis.

6. French philosophers : French philosophers such as John Locke , Montesquieu and Rousseau proposed many reforms .These reforms were discussed intensively in salons and coffee houses.

These above are the circumstances leading to the outbreak revolutionary protest in France.

Answer 2

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Following are the circumstances that led the outbreak of Revolutionary protest in France :-

(i) During the 18th century, French society was divided into 3 estates. Only the members of third estate had to pay taxes.

(ii) The third estate was made up of peasants, constituting about 90% of the population. However, only a small number of them on the land they cultivated.

(iii) Members of first two states, clergy and nobility, enjoyed many privileges by birth. They did not have to pay any taxes.

(iv) The population of France rose from about 23 million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789. 

(v) So, the production of grains could not keep pace with the growing demand. This led to the price of bread, the main diet of majority rise rapidly.

(vi) News that Louis XVI was planning impose more taxes generated anger and protest against the system of privileges.