Question

Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of Revolutionary protest in France???

Answer 1

The circumstances that lead to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France were following:
(1) Louis 16th was an autocratic ruler who couldn't compromise with his luxurious life and he also lacked farsightedness.
(2) The French administration was extremely corrupt. It didn't give weightage to the French common man.
(3) The state increased taxes to meet its regular expenses such as the cost of maintaining an army, running government offices or universities, etc.
(4) The French society was divided into three estates. People of first two estates got previleges and position based on their lineage not on their merit. This led to resentment among common people.
(5) People belonging to the first two estates had all the power and money. Masses were at mercy of this previleged class.

Answer 2

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★ The outbreak of revolutionary protest in France was a cumilation of social, political, intellectual and economic factors.

• Louis XVI, the king of France was autocratic, and led a life of luxury, was inefficient and weak willed.

• The social order of France was marked by gross inequalities. The clergy and nobility which formed the first two estates, were the privileged classes. They were exempt from the payment of the state taxes. The third estate formed the majority of the population was the unprivileged class who bore the burden of taxes, with no political rights and social status. Hence, they were profoundly discontented a lot.

• To add on to the problem, was the financial crisis that forced the situation. The treasury of the king was empty on account of long wars, involvement in the American War of Independence, luxurious living and the feudal system of taxation. The privileged classes who could pay, would not pay and the already burdened third estate could no longer bear the pressure of the payments.

• 18th century France witnessed a revolution in the realm of ideas. The philosophers refuted the theory of divine rights of the kings and absolute monarchy & proclaimed the doctrine of equality of man and sovereignty of the people. They played a vital role in exposing the evils of the old regime and focusing the discontent.

• In France, the people had no share in the decision making. The French Parliament known as the Estates General had not been convened for 175 years. Thus, the administration was corrupt, inefficient and disorganized.

• These led to the outbreak of the French Revolution.

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I hope this helps! :)