Describe the components of a septic tank, its advantages and disadvantages with neat sketches
Answers
A septic tank is a chamber made of concrete, fiberglass, PVC or plastic, through which domestic wastewater ( sewage) flows for primary treatment . Settling and anaerobic processes reduce solids and organics, but the treatment is only moderate. Septic tank systems are a type of onsite sewage facility (OSSF). They can be used in areas that are not connected to a sewerage system, such as rural areas. The treated liquid effluent is commonly disposed in a septic drain field which provides further treatment. However, groundwater pollution may occur and can be a problem.
Advantages
1. Septic tanks can be easily constructed and do not require any
skilled supervision during construction. More ever, there is no
maintenance problem (except periodical cleaning) as there is no
moving part in it.
2. Their cost is reasonable compared to the advantages and
sanitation they offer on rural or urban areas, where no sewage
system has been load.
3. An excellently functioning septic tank can considerably reduce
the suspended solids and BOD from sewage.
4. The sludge volume to be disposed of is quite less, as compared
to that in a normal Iedomentation tank. The quantity is reduced
due to digestion taking place in the tank itself. The reduction in
volume is about 60% and reduction in weight is about 30%
5. The effluent from the septic tank can be disposed of an land in a
soak-pit or a cost pool, without mach trouble.
6. They are best suited for irolated rural, areas, and for isolated
hospitals, buildings etc.
Disadvantages
1. If the tank is not properly functioning, which happens many is
times then the effluents will be very foul, dark and even worser
than the influent.
2. They require too large sizes for serving many people.
3. Leakage of gases from the top cover of septic tank may cause
bad smells and environmental pollution.
4. Periodical cleaning, removal and disposal of sludge remains a
tedious problem.
5. The working of a septic tank is centre dictable and non-uniform.
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