describe the components of biological environment class 9?
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Answer:
Explanation:
Components of environment
There are three major components of environment.
These are as follows:
Physical component.
Biological component.
Social component.
Physical component of environment:
Physical component of environment includes air, water, soil, light, temperature, climate, etc.
The physical components are also termed as abiotic components of the environment.
These environmental components accounts for determination of living conditions for the human population.
Physical component of the environment is again classified into three parts as follows:
Atmosphere (gas)
Hydrosphere (liquid)
Lithosphere (solid)
Structure of atmosphere:
The atmosphere is broadly classified into four major zones.
These zones are named as Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere and Thermosphere.
These three parts portrays the three important states of matter forming the environment.
This physical component of environment includes abiotic components like air, water and soil.
All these abiotic components affect much more to all living organisms along with human.
Water and temperature are the most significant abiotic components affecting living beings as water is important for survival of livings.
Water plays a vital role to keep optimum temperature of the body and perform metabolic activities.
All living things perform in a particular range of temperature.
Growth of living beings will be affected when temperature will not fall in that range.
Air is one of the major physical components, which is needed for respiration.
All living beings along with plants and animals need oxygen for their survival.
In metabolic process, oxygen is inhaled into the body and exhaled in form of CO2.
On contrast to it, the plants consume CO2 for food preparation during photosynthesis and releases oxygen to the emvironment.
Soil is another important component for all living beings to build their habitat.
It is the soil where plant grows and human builds houses to live in.
Soil serves to retain ground water which is obtainable for drinking and other farming activities.
Biological component of environement:
The biological component of environment is also termed as biotic component.
This biological component includes all living things like plants, animals and small micro-organisms like bacteria, algae and fungi.
Biological component interelates with the abiotic component of the environment. Interaction of these two components forms various ecosystems like forest ecosystem, pond ecosystem, marine ecosystem, desert ecosystem, etc.
Biosphere is independent and large ecosystem.
All ecosystems has three different types of living organisms; i.e. producers, consumers and decomposers.
Producer includes mainly green plants and other photosynthetic bacteria which synthesizes various organic substances such as carbohydrates, proteins, etc., with the aid of water, soil and light energy.
Consumers rely on green plants for their nutrition as these green plants produces organic food materials.
Decomposers are responsible to decompose dead plants and animals and yields various important minerals for the running of the natural cycles.
Social component of environment:
The third component of environment is social component.
This component is mainly consists of various groups of population of different living beings like birds, animals, etc.
Human is the most independent and intelligent living organism.
Like all other living creatures on earth, man constructs house, prepares food and delivers waste materials to the environment.
It has been said about human by Greek philosopher, Aristotle that human is a social animal.
He prepared various laws, policies for the proper functioning of the society.
These three components of the environment give rise to four important zones like Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere and Biosphere.
There is continual interaction among these four zones.
These interactions include the transport of various elements, compounds and different forms of energy.
The components of biological environment are divided into three :- Physical, Biological and Social environment.
- Physical environment :- The physical environment comprises of some abiotic components like air, water, light, soil, temperature and climate. It's divisible into 3 parts :- Lithosphere, Atmosphere and Hydrosphere. Water is one of the most important for survival.
- Biological environment :- The living components of the environment comes under biological environment. From large plants to small microorganisms, animals and humans are all part of Biological environment.
- Social environment :- The environment which is developed as a society surrounding us is called as Social environment. It includes safety, quality and stability of connections etc.
All three components interact with one another.