Question

Describe the concept of the state in the context of kautilya

Answer 1

The concept of State in context of Kautilya can be found in his famous treatise Arthashastra.

Origin of State:

Kautilya believed in what later sociologists coined as 'The Social Contract'. In his opinion, the State came into existence because the people desired to live in a peaceful society and the King took upon himself to deliver it. Thus, the contract between the people of the land and the King.

He regarded the formation of the State as a direct result of human nature and its necessities and he thought of it as beneficial to society.

In the beginning, Kutilya believed that there was total chaos and anarchy where the powerful and mighty would prevail and weak would perish. This resulted in the desire of people to feel safe and secure. So, people agreed to be ruled by one person who would protect them  and the State came into existence.

Nature of State:

According to Kautilya, State is an organism and a Sovereign State consists of following organs:

• King
• Ministers
• Country
• Fort
• Treasury
• Punishments
• Friends

Answer 2

The concept of the state in the context of Kautilya:

• Many political thinkers have contributed their understanding and opinions to the origins, functions and objective elements of a state.
• According to Kautilya, the original state of nature is total anarchy where a statement is agreed to pay the taxes and abide by the rules to enjoy the security that is provided by the respective individual. He believed the state to be an organism and not just an institution.
• In Arthshastra, Kautilya has first defined the state as an area consisted of people and its rulers, and many cities.
• State provides its citizens the things for living and protection from external danger.

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