Describe the Consequences of the Consequent boundary?
Answers
There are two ways that we can describe contemporary boundaries:
PHYSICAL-POLITICAL
boundaries that use natural (physical) features which act as political borders. These include mountains, rivers, deserts, valleys, jungles. You get the idea.
CULTURAL-POLITICAL (aka ETHNOGRAPHIC)
boundaries that use cultural divisions as the basis for a political border. These typically include language, religion, & ethnic homogeneities. Though there is no reason that the cause for political boundaries should exclude economic, political, and other social difference.
And from everything that I’de read up to that point, textbooks discuss another way to look at boundaries, and that is how they evolve over time. The person we credit this to is Richard Hartshorne. His four GENETIC (EVOLUTIONARY) boundaries include:
ANTECEDENT
natural boundaries that existed before human involvement, i.e. mountains, rivers, jungles, valleys.
SUBSEQUENT
boundaries that are created after human settlement and interaction with the landscape, i.e. war or cultural differences between groups.
SUPERIMPOSED
borders that are forced upon the landscape by an outside authority; think European imperialism and Africa circa 1914.
RELICT
physical borders that no longer act at functioning political borders, and yet evidence of the border is still there; think the Great Wall of China or the Berlin Wall.
Hartshorne was an American political and economic geographer, working out of U. of Minnesota, and U-W Madison. He was president of the AAG and received the Victoria medal from the Royal Geographical Society. In other words, this guy has some serious geo-clout.
After that, I go on to explain how all of the world’s borders fall under the standard PHYSICAL/CULTURAL/GEOMETRIC POLITICAL or the GENETIC boundaries. I use a bunch of case studies to beef up their application. To me, the purpose of the two classifications is to differentiate between what the border is vs. how it developed.
The other border terms not yet addressed can be types of borders that fall under both the standard classifications (physical, cultural, or geometric) or under Hartshorn’s. Those terms are:
OPEN borders
borders that are unguarded and can easily be traversed without political intervention; think countries within the European Union.
MILITARIZED borders
borders that are guarded by military forces; i.e. the militarized border between North and South Korea.
FORTIFIED borders
borders that use a constructed barrier to prevent the flow of people or things; the border between North and South Korea would also work here, but any border that includes a wall, fence, net, or wire.
Over 15 years and many sources later, some textbook threw in CONSEQUENTinto the list and messed up my whole world order. And where did this word come from anyway!? The new Course Description also picked it up.
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