Question

describe the contruction and working of ruby laser
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Answer 1

Answer:

A ruby laser consists of three important elements: laser medium, the pump source, and the optical resonator.

Laser medium or gain medium in ruby laser

In a ruby laser, a single crystal of ruby (Al2O3 : Cr3+) in the form of cylinder acts as a laser medium or active medium. The laser medium (ruby) in the ruby laser is made of the host of sapphire (Al2O3) which is doped with small amounts of chromium ions (Cr3+). The ruby has good thermal properties.