describe the economic and social circumstances that led to outbreak of revolutionary protest in France .
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The four main causes that led to the outbreak of French revolution were as follows-
1] Political causes -
a)The autocratic and despotic rule of the french kings drained the treasure
b)Long years of war between France and Britain [ especially the 7 years war] was a very big problem. As France was defeated in this war, they had to pay a huge amount to Britain.
c)The cost of maintaining an extravagant court at Versailles.
2] Social causes -
a)The French society was divided into three - Clergy, Nobility and the third estates or the commoners.
b)The first two estates, ie, Clergy and Nobility, enjoyed certain privileges by birth.
c)These included exemption from paying taxes.
d)Only the Commoners had to pay taxes.
3] Economic causes -
a)Two types of tax collection was introduced. They were as follows
1)Tithe - The tax given by the commoners to the Churches
2)] Taille - The tax given by the commoners directly to the state.
b)The subsistence crisis also led to the outbreak of the French Revolution.
4] Psychological causes -
a)Some people of the third estate were literate and they told the common people that privileges should not be given by birth, but, instead, it should be given by looking at the social position or status of a person.
b)John Locke, in his book 'The two treatises of the government ', critizised the Divine Right Theory and the absolutism.
c)Rousseau, in his book 'The social contract ', tried to bring a relationship between people.
d)Montesquieu, in his book; The Spirit of the laws ', proposes the division of powers between legislative, executive and the judiciary
1] Political causes -
a)The autocratic and despotic rule of the french kings drained the treasure
b)Long years of war between France and Britain [ especially the 7 years war] was a very big problem. As France was defeated in this war, they had to pay a huge amount to Britain.
c)The cost of maintaining an extravagant court at Versailles.
2] Social causes -
a)The French society was divided into three - Clergy, Nobility and the third estates or the commoners.
b)The first two estates, ie, Clergy and Nobility, enjoyed certain privileges by birth.
c)These included exemption from paying taxes.
d)Only the Commoners had to pay taxes.
3] Economic causes -
a)Two types of tax collection was introduced. They were as follows
1)Tithe - The tax given by the commoners to the Churches
2)] Taille - The tax given by the commoners directly to the state.
b)The subsistence crisis also led to the outbreak of the French Revolution.
4] Psychological causes -
a)Some people of the third estate were literate and they told the common people that privileges should not be given by birth, but, instead, it should be given by looking at the social position or status of a person.
b)John Locke, in his book 'The two treatises of the government ', critizised the Divine Right Theory and the absolutism.
c)Rousseau, in his book 'The social contract ', tried to bring a relationship between people.
d)Montesquieu, in his book; The Spirit of the laws ', proposes the division of powers between legislative, executive and the judiciary
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<> The outbreak of revolutionary protest in France was a culmination of social , political intellectual and economic factors :
* Louis 16 the king of France was autocratic , led a life of luxury , was inefficient and weak willed.
* The social order of France was marked by gross inequalities . The clergy and nobility which formed the first two Estates were the privileged classes . They were exempt from payment of state taxes . The Third Estates formed the majority of the population was the unprivileged class bore the burden of taxes with , no political rights and social status . Hence , they were a profoundly discontented lot.
* To add to the problem was the financial crisis that forced situation . The treasury of the king was empty on account of long wars , involvement in the American war of independence , luxurious living of the king and faulty system of taxation . The privileged Estates who could pay would not pay. The already burdened Third Estates could not pay.
* In France the people had no share in decision making. The French Parliament known as the Estates general had not been convened for 175 years. Administration was corrupt , inefficient and disorganized .
* Louis 16 the king of France was autocratic , led a life of luxury , was inefficient and weak willed.
* The social order of France was marked by gross inequalities . The clergy and nobility which formed the first two Estates were the privileged classes . They were exempt from payment of state taxes . The Third Estates formed the majority of the population was the unprivileged class bore the burden of taxes with , no political rights and social status . Hence , they were a profoundly discontented lot.
* To add to the problem was the financial crisis that forced situation . The treasury of the king was empty on account of long wars , involvement in the American war of independence , luxurious living of the king and faulty system of taxation . The privileged Estates who could pay would not pay. The already burdened Third Estates could not pay.
* In France the people had no share in decision making. The French Parliament known as the Estates general had not been convened for 175 years. Administration was corrupt , inefficient and disorganized .
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