describe the economic condition of France before 1789
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When Louis XVI ascended the throne, the national loans increased a lot. The state treasury was in deficit of Francs two crore annually. On the other hand, the peasantry was burdened with taxes.
Louis XVI was much worried to see this miserable condition of the people and he wanted to improve it. He appointed several financial ministers but all of them failed to make any improvement.
The following finance ministers were appointed by the king to improve the economic condition of France:
Turgot (1774-76)
Louis XVI, after his accession, first of all appointed Turgot to the post of Finance Minister. He chalked out a detailed programme to improve the economic condition of France. He wanted to minimise the state expenses.
He also intended to impose taxes on the nobles and the priests who were hitherto exempted from all taxes. But the queen and the nobles along with priests opposed him vehemently and he was removed by the king.
Necker (1776-81)
Necker was the second Finance Minister who wanted to bring about reform in the economic condition of France. But in the meanwhile France took part in the American War of Independence, and this told upon the state treasury.
Consequently, Necker also followed the path of Turgot and proposed equal taxation on all classes.
Queen Antoinette criticised him as a miser because she did not want to curtail her expenses. The king had to remove him due to the excessive influence of the queen.
Calonne (1781-86)
Calonne was appointed to the office of Finance Minister after Necker. He did not wish to displease the royal family. So he took huge loans to compensate the deficit for which he had to pay heavy interest.
But soon he realised that the administration could not work efficiently on the basis of this policy and arranged for a meeting of the Assembly Notables to be called and the king was compelled to accept his proposal.
Assembly of Notables
The nobles, priests and the magistrates were the members of the assembly who were appointed by the king himself, so it lacked t representation of the general public.
When Calonne proposed for equality of taxes for all the classes, the members of the assembly along with other nobles opposed it outright.
They also pressed the king to suspend Calonne and the king had to agree to their proposal due to weakness.
Brienne
Brienne was the last man to be appointed as Finance Minister but he, too, did not succeed in solving the economic problems. His newly proposed taxes were opposed by the Parliament of Paris and it stressed that the right of imposing taxes lay with those only who paid the taxes.
So a meeting of Estates General was summoned for the approval of new taxes. People welcomed this idea and passed resolution in favour of this proposal.
Seeing the revolutionary spirit of the public, the king and ministers were terrified and the king called the meeting of Estates General in May 1789 in Versailles. As Turgot had breathed his last that time, Necker was appointed the Chief Minister.
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Louis XVI was much worried to see this miserable condition of the people and he wanted to improve it. He appointed several financial ministers but all of them failed to make any improvement.
The following finance ministers were appointed by the king to improve the economic condition of France:
Turgot (1774-76)
Louis XVI, after his accession, first of all appointed Turgot to the post of Finance Minister. He chalked out a detailed programme to improve the economic condition of France. He wanted to minimise the state expenses.
He also intended to impose taxes on the nobles and the priests who were hitherto exempted from all taxes. But the queen and the nobles along with priests opposed him vehemently and he was removed by the king.
Necker (1776-81)
Necker was the second Finance Minister who wanted to bring about reform in the economic condition of France. But in the meanwhile France took part in the American War of Independence, and this told upon the state treasury.
Consequently, Necker also followed the path of Turgot and proposed equal taxation on all classes.
Queen Antoinette criticised him as a miser because she did not want to curtail her expenses. The king had to remove him due to the excessive influence of the queen.
Calonne (1781-86)
Calonne was appointed to the office of Finance Minister after Necker. He did not wish to displease the royal family. So he took huge loans to compensate the deficit for which he had to pay heavy interest.
But soon he realised that the administration could not work efficiently on the basis of this policy and arranged for a meeting of the Assembly Notables to be called and the king was compelled to accept his proposal.
Assembly of Notables
The nobles, priests and the magistrates were the members of the assembly who were appointed by the king himself, so it lacked t representation of the general public.
When Calonne proposed for equality of taxes for all the classes, the members of the assembly along with other nobles opposed it outright.
They also pressed the king to suspend Calonne and the king had to agree to their proposal due to weakness.
Brienne
Brienne was the last man to be appointed as Finance Minister but he, too, did not succeed in solving the economic problems. His newly proposed taxes were opposed by the Parliament of Paris and it stressed that the right of imposing taxes lay with those only who paid the taxes.
So a meeting of Estates General was summoned for the approval of new taxes. People welcomed this idea and passed resolution in favour of this proposal.
Seeing the revolutionary spirit of the public, the king and ministers were terrified and the king called the meeting of Estates General in May 1789 in Versailles. As Turgot had breathed his last that time, Necker was appointed the Chief Minister.
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he French king Louis XIV drove France into useless wars bringing the country to the verge of bankruptcy.
(ii) Fiancé was a centralised monarchy. People had no share in decision making.
(iii) Administration was disorganised, corrupt and inefficient. The defective system of tax collection, whereby the burden was borne by the Third Estate was oppressive and created discontent.
(iv) The French society was divided into Estates, with 1st two Estates-clergy and nobility were the privileged ones. The large majority of the population constituted the Third Estate-formed the unprivileged class and shouldered the burden of taxation.
(v) Women formed the part of the class of unprivileged. They had no access to education, were deprived of job training, were engaged in low jobs and their wages were less than men. They did not enjoy political rights as men.
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