describe the effect of the land revenue settlement
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Answer:
The British introduced different land revenue systems in different parts of the country. For instance, Permanent Settlement was introduced in Bengal and Ryotwari system was mainly introduced in South India. The Mahalwari system of land revenue was introduced in the Central provinces, North West Frontier Provinces, Agra, Punjab and the Gangetic valley.
In all these land revenue systems, the revenue was fixed at a very high rate. In Permanent settlement, the Company fixed the revenue so high that it became difficult for zamindars to pay revenues to the Company. The settlement was oppressive for villagers as they had to pay high rent to the zamindars. Their rights on the land were maintained till they paid the revenues. To pay the high land revenues, they had to take loans from moneylenders at high interest rates.Cultivators failed to pay the high rent and thus were evicted from their lands which they had been cultivating since generations. In other land revenue systems too, most of the peasants were not able to pay teh revenues and hence lost their lands.
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There were three main systems introduced by british namely:-
1. Permanent settlement-
a. The peaseants who were the real land owners were left at the mercy of zamindars. they had to pay the yield even if crops failed.
b. This resulted in emerging of new class also known as Absentee Landlords.
c.The crop revenue was almost half of the total land revenue.
d.The produce that was left with the zamindars was their profit.
2. Ryotwari system-
a. The land revenue to be paid was aproximately half of total produce .
b. No investments were made by the british.
c. The ryots were forced to grow Indigo and if not then their land was mortgaged.
3.Mahalwari system-
a.The peaseants took loans from moneylenders which resulted in loss of land when the peaseants were unable to pay the loan due.
b. The land revenue was very high which made the poor peaseants fly or migrate to cities.