Sociology, asked by chandrakalalohar8, 10 months ago

describe the elements of Unity and Diversity in India​

Answers

Answered by raipingt
30

Answer:

India’s diverse culture all starts in its’ history. India’s long history starts off with the Indus Valley Civilization. Then the Harrapan Civilization conquered, and ruled. From the Harrapan Civilization to the British rule, there were many rulers, and empires that influenced India’s diversity.  

We find in India diversity of various sorts. Some of its important forms are the following: racial, linguistic, religious and caste-based.

Racial Diversity

Herbert Risley had classified the people of India into seven racial types. These are (i) Turko-Iranian, (ii) Indo-Aryan, (iii) Scytho-Dravidian, (iv) AryoDravidian, (v) Mongolo-Dravidian, (vi) Mongoloid, and (vii) Dravidian. These seven racial types can be reduced to three basic types-the Indo-Aryan, the Mongolian and the Dravidian.

B.S. Guha (1952) has identified six racial types (1) the Negrito, (2) the Proto Australoid, (3) the Mongoloid, (4) the Mediterranean, (5) the Western Brachycephals, and (6) the Nordic.

Negritos are the people who belong to the black racial stock as found in Africa. They have black skin colour, frizzle hair, thick lips, etc.  

The Proto-Australoid races consist of an ethnic group, which includes the Australian aborigines and other peoples of southern Asia and Pacific Islands.  

The Mongoloids are a major racial stock native to Asia, including the peoples of northern and eastern Asia. In India, the North Eastern regions have tribes of brachycephalic Mongoloid strain. A slightly different kind of Mongoloid racial stock is found in the Brahmputra Valley.  

The Mediterranean races relate to the caucasian physical type, i.e., the white Unity and Diversity race.  

The Western Brachycephals are divided into the following three sub-groups:  

(i) The Alpenoid are characterised by broad head, medium stature and light skin, found amongst Bania castes of Gujarat, the Kayasthas of Bengal, etc.  

(ii) (ii) The Dinaric- They are characterised by broad head, long nose, tall stature and dark skin colour, found amongst the Brahmin of Bengal, the non-Brahmin of Karnataka,

(iii)  (iii) The Armenoid- They are characterised by features similar to Dinaric. The Armenoid have a more marked shape of the back of head, a prominent and narrow nose. The Parsi of Bombay show the typical characteristics of the Armenoid race  

Finally, the Nordic races belong to the physical type characterised by tall stature, long head, light skin and hair, and blue eyes. In India, they are found in different parts of north of the country, especially in Punjab and Rajputana.  

Linguistic Diversity

This linguistic diversity notwithstanding, we have always had a sort of link language, though it has varied from age to age. In ancient times it was Sanskrit, in medieval age it was Arabic or Persian and in modern times we have Hindi and English as official languages.

In the 1971 census on the other hand, reported 1652 languages in India which are spoken as mother tongue. Not all these languages are, however, equally widespread. Many of them are tribal speeches and these are spoken by less than one percent of the total population. Only 22 languages are listed in Schedule VIII of the Indian Constitution.

Religious Diversity

India is a land of multiple religions. We find here followers of various faiths, particularly of Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, among others.

While Hindu and Muslim are found in almost all parts of India, the remaining minority religions have their pockets of concentration. Christians have their strongholds in the three southern states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh and in the north-eastern states like Nagaland and Meghalaya. Sikhs are concentrated largely in Punjab, Buddhists in Maharashtra, and Jains are mainly spread over Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Gujarat, but also found in most urban centres throughout the country.

Explanation:

Answered by skyfall63
10

"Unity of diversity" is the most famous trait of Indian culture. This statement highlights the greater way that India has embraced diverse political , social and ethnic components.

Explanation:

  1. Geographical: India 's geography is diverse. The nation can be divided into many regions at the broadest level, in other words. Northern Himalayas, Central India Plateau & Deccan Plateau, Eastern/Western Ghats, The Thar Desert, etc. The climate, temperature, vegetation , fauna, flora, people and all of these have been unique. India has been known since ages as a unique geographical unit given its diversity. The nation was constantly united by different colonial powers taking its geographical difference into account.
  2. Religious: There are other religions in India such as the Hindus and Muslim sects, Sikhism,  Buddhism , Christianity,  Zoroastrianism, Jainism, Judaism etc. The religious diversity is one of the country's key dividers, which contributed to the communalism crisis, however it has kept the nation together at times in tough times. Religious cohesion is particularly evident when a war or a tragedy occurs. India has been together over and again in turmoil, and that is what religious harmony of India's diversity is.
  3. Cultural: Cultural harmony of Indian ethnicity is generally referred to as "Ganga-Jamuni Tahjeeb" or the unified community of India. Despite diversity, the hybrid community of India is influenced by various cultural elements and influences. Through practices, etiquette, traditions, marks, clothes, foods, cooking, fairs, festivals, tournaments, sports and so on, each religion has inspired others. The Bhakti Movement has effectively broken the distinct religious traditions and made a major contribution to the unified culture of India. Various regions in India have helped develop India's composite culture by encouraging literature & higher learning.
  4. Political: While Indian continuity as a society is assumed to be cultural & social and not political, it is a vision of the great kings,  emperors, sultans, or rulers to put the whole nation under one centralized power. Chandragupta, Asoka, Harsha, Akbar and the British rulers brought this concept into effect. Nevertheless, India never has been a politically coordinated entity. There were also 600 princely states within Britain's Indian realm which were separate. Then our present system of representation and governance is based on multiple political parties, political philosophies, etc.
  5. Linguistic: 3/4th in India speak Indo-Aryan, but 1/4th in Indians speak Dravidian. India has "122 official languages & 1599 dialects", making it one of the most diverse nations globally in terms of language. The languages in the nation were both divisive & adhesive. English has arisen as the "nation's lingua franca", and is a way of contact between two persons of separate mother tongue. In the same way, Hindi has managed to keep the nation together to a significant degree.
  6. Racial: India is deeply bonded and assimilated. The overwhelming ethnic core of the nation had "absorbed" numerous tribes & races coming to India. Rather they have promoted the message of mankind unity & never taught us racial inequality or racism. Racial diversity has given Indian society a richness, which is its unique characteristic.

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Why do we say that india has unity in diversity ?explain - Brainly.in

https://brainly.in/question/4741821

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