Question

Describe the excretery system in han being ??? (5 marks)

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Answer 1

Answer:

• The excretory system consists of organs which remove metabolic wastes and toxins from the body. In humans, this includes the removal of urea from the bloodstream and other wastes produced by the body. The removal of urea happens in the kidneys, while solid wastes are expelled from the large intestine.

Functions-

The excretory system functions as the bulwark and balance to the digestive system. While we consume food and drink to nourish the body and provide energy, the excretory system ensures that homeostasis is maintained, irrespective of changes to the nutritive value of food.

It regulates the fluid balance of the body, maintaining adequate salt and water levels. When there is excess water, it is removed through the production of hypotonic urine. When we consume salty food or lose water through perspiration, the concentration of urine is increased to preserve the osmolarity of body fluids.

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Answer 2

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PARTS OF URINARY SYSTEM :-

Kidneys :-

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are the two organs at the back of the body, just below the ribs. They are the main organs of excretion, filtering out unwanted substances from the blood and regulating the level and contents of body fluids, Blood enters a kidney in a rental artery and leaves it in a renal vein.

ureters:-

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The two tubes which carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Bladder or urinary bladder:-

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A sac which holds stored urine. it's lining has many folds which flateen out as it fills up, letting it expand.

Urethra :-

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The tube carrying urine from the bladder out of the body. In men, it also carries sperm. The expulsion of urine is called urination or micturition.

INSIDE A KIDNEY :-

Nephrons :-

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The tiny filtering units of the kidneys ( there are about 1 million per kidney ) . Each consists of a renal corpuscle and a uriniferous tubule.

Real corpuscles or Malpighian corpuscles

The bodies which filter fluids out of the blood . Each consists of a glomerulus and a Bowman's capsule.

Glomerulus :-

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A ball of coiled-up capillaries ( tiny blood vessels ) at the centre of each renal corpuscles. The capillaries branch from an arteriole entering the corpuscle and re - unite to leave the corpuscle as an efferent arteriole.

Bowman's capsule :-

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The outer part of each renal corpuscle. It is a thin-walled sac around the glomerulus.

uriniferous tubules or renal tubules

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Long tubes each one leading from a Bowman's capsule.

Each has three main parts: -

» the proximal convoluted tubule

» the loop of henlé and

» the distal convoluted tubule - and has many capillaries ( tiny blood vessels ) twined around it. These are branches of the efferent arteriole and they re-unit to form larger blood vessels carrying blood away from the kidney.

Collecting duct or collecting tubule

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A tube which carries urine from several uriniferous tubules into pelvis of a kidney.