describe the experiment showing chemical reaction between acid and base
Answers
Answer:
Experimental Setup for Litmus Test Procedure:
HCl reacts with blue litmus solution
Take a test tube stand and place two test tubes in it.
Label the test tube as test tube 1 and test tube 2.
Add 5 ml of blue litmus solution to test tube 1.
Add 5 ml of red litmus solution to test tube 2.
Use a dropper and add equal drops of hydrochloric acid in the both test tubes.
Wait and observe the colour change.
Experimental Setup for Reaction with Zinc metal:
HCl reacts with Zinc metal
Procedure
Take a clean and dry test tube.
Add zinc granules in it.
Submerge the zinc granules in the test tube by adding hydrochloric acid to it.
Close the mouth of the test tube with cork which has a glass delivery.
A robust explosion takes place between 2-3 minutes liberating colourless and odourless gas.
When a burning match stick in got near the glass tube mouth the gas burns with a pale blue flame with a pop sound.
Reaction:
2HCl(aq) + Zn(s) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2↑
Experimental Setup for Reaction with solid sodium carbonate:
HCl reacts with solid sodium carbonate
Procedure
Take a flat bottom flask with 1 gm of solid sodium carbonate and some distilled water.
Take a clean and dry double bore cork and thistle funnel which has a delivery tube fitted to it.
Close the mouth of flat flask with the double bore cork.
Add 2 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid.
Colourless and odourless gas is liberated which is passed through the lime water using the delivery tube.
The colour of the lime water is changed to milky.
Reaction:
Na2CO3(s/aq) + 2HCl(aq) –→ 2NaCl(aq) + CO2↑+ H2O(l)
Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2↑ –→ CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) –→ Ca(HCO3)2(aq)
Observation:
Experiment Observation
Litmus test The blue litmus solution in test tube 1 turns red whereas there is no change in colour observed in the test tube 2 containing red litmus solution.
Reaction with Zinc metal Acids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) liberate hydrogen gas when reacted with active metals such as zinc and burns with a pop sound when burning splinter is got near it.
Reaction with Na2CO3 Sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid react to produce carbon dioxide gas and turns lime water milky. When excess gas is passed the milkiness is disappeared.
Result and Conclusion:
In the litmus test experiment the blue litmus solution turns to red when hydrochloric is added. Therefore acids such as HCl show acidic character.
Hydrochloric acid reacts with active metals such as zinc to form zinc chloride and liberate hydrogen gas.
HCl reacts with sodium carbonate to liberate carbon dioxide gas.
Therefore from the above three points we can conclude that HCl (Hydrochloric acid) is acidic in nature.
An acid–base reaction is a type of chemical reaction that involves the exchange of one or more hydrogen ions, H+, between species that may be neutral (molecules, such as water, H2O) or electrically charged (ions, such as ammonium, NH4+; hydroxide, OH−; or carbonate, CO32−).