describe the feeling you experienced leading up to a challenging event and the feeling you experienced afterwards the challenging event could be sporting academy or any other activity
Answers
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
The modern-day landscape of Olympic and Professional sport is arguably more competitive than ever. The substantial financial and commercial rewards of winning sporting competitions (e.g., Olympic Gold) or even avoiding relegation (e.g., English Premier League football) mean large resources are invested within national governing bodies and professional sport clubs to achieve success (Till et al., 2019). One approach focuses on identifying and developing early athletic talent into the sporting superstars of tomorrow. This system, commonly known as a Talent Identification and Development System (TIDS; Cobley and Till, 2015; Rongen et al., 2018), has significantly grown within sport over the last 15–20 years and often reflects considerable financial investment. For example, English category 1 soccer academies reportedly invest between £2.3 and £4.9 million per annum (Larkin and Reeves, 2018), while United Kingdom Sport reported spending approximately £100 million per annum on identifying and developing sporting talent (UK Sport, 2015).
Although researchers often dispute the merits of talent as a concept (c.f., Howe, 1998; Baker and Wattie, 2018), the reality of working in sport is that talent identification and selection are often necessary due to limited resources available (e.g., financial, personnel, and facilities). Therefore, a TIDS is an approach to using limited resources in the most efficient way possible. Most sporting organizations and practitioners acknowledge the limitations and consequences associated with the early selection of athletes. However, the resource-limited system requires regular selection across the development pathway according to the sport and context. Therefore, despite the significant financial investment in TIDS, talent identification and development are not straightforward processes. These processes are even more complex with young athletes where numerous physiological, psychological and social factors can impact upon understanding, identifying and developing future athletic talent (Cobley and Till, 2017). Moreover, there are important ethical concerns with the way that talent identification and development are positioned within TIDS (e.g., Bailey and Toms, 2010; Vlahovich et al., 2017; Baker et al., 2018a).
Generally, a TIDS involves five steps in the pursuit of sporting excellence, four that were defined in the early 2000s (Reilly et al., 2000) and one more recent addition. The first four steps include (1) Talent Detection, the discovery of potential performers who are not currently involved in the sport in question; (2) Talent Identification, recognizing participants with the potential at an earlier age to become elite performers in the future; (3) Talent Development, providing athletes with a suitable learning environment to accelerate or realize their potential; (4) Talent Selection, the ongoing process of identifying individuals at various stages of development who demonstrate prerequisite levels of performance – largely involve the traditional approach to talent identification and development. The final step – Talent Transfer, focuses on transfer from one sport to another sport where there are greater opportunities to succeed (MacNamara and Collins, 2015; Rea and Lavallee, 2017). These five steps are common across sporting TIDS and are often operationalized within everyday practice (i.e., identification or selection for the next step of a program is influenced by performance in the previous development environment). TIDS often employ a pyramidal structure whereby at each stage of the system the number of places available decreases and the support provided within the program increases (e.g., higher qualified coaches and increased competition). In order to work optimally, this process requires concurrently integrating talent recruitment (i.e., detection, identification, and selection) and talent development (i.e., proper nurturing of skill acquisition) in the pursuit of future elite performance.
The past few decades have seen a considerable increase in academic reviews summarizing issues related to the identification, selection and development of sporting talent (e.g., Vaeyens et al., 2008; Bailey and Collins, 2013; Baker et al., 2018a, b). This is substantiated by further reviews (e.g., Rees et al., 2016; Johnston et al., 2017; Bergkamp et al., 2019) suggesting the quality of evidence being generated for talent is limited. For example, Johnston et al. (2017) noted that most studies within talent identification focus upon the anthropometric and physical characteristics of athletes with very limited work investigating the cognitive, perceptual and/or psychological factors. More importantly perhaps, very little of this work focuses upon how this research might be applied by those working on the frontlines of TIDS (e.g., TIDS managers, coaches, scouts, and support staff) in terms of optimizing their talent identification and development practices.