Question

Describe the following briefly :
(i) First Carnatic War
(ii) Second Carnatic War
(iii) Third Carnatic War​

Answer 1

Answer: 1:first carnatic war:

In 1740 the War of the Austrian Succession broke out in Europe. Great Britain was drawn into the war in 1744, opposed to France and its allies. The trading companies of both countries maintained cordial relations in India while their parent countries were bitter enemies on the European continent. Dodwell writes, "Such were the friendly relations between the English and the French that the French sent their goods and merchandise from Pondicherry to Madras for safe custody.

2:second carnatic war:

Though a state of war did not exist in Europe, the proxy war continued in India. On one side was Nasir Jung, the Nizam and his protege Muhammad Ali, supported by the English, and on the other was Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jung, supported by the French, vying to become the Nawab of Arcot.

3:third carnatic war:

The outbreak of the Seven Years' War in Europe in 1756 resulted in renewed conflict between French and British forces in India. The Third Carnatic War spread beyond southern India and into Bengal where British forces captured the French settlement of Chandernagore (now Chandannagar in 1757

Answer 2

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(i)

$\red\bigstar$The First Carnatic War (1746 - 48) :-

• The Carnatic War was the result of Austrian succession war that took place in 1740 between Austria and Prussia.

• England and France entered opposite sides in the war.

• Commodore Barnet, the British Naval Officer arrived into India with troop. But the French proposed peace with British.

• The Nawab of Carnatic, Anwar - ud - Din, also ordered that there should not be any war.

• So, Commodore Barnet returned to England, but Dupleix did not keep his promise and attacked Madras and occupied it.

• The British complained to the Nawab. He declared war against the French. The battle took place in 1746.

• In this battle Anwar - ud - Din was defeated by the French. The Austrian succession war came to an end in 1748.

• The power of France weakened in India also. France was forced to sign a treaty and handover Madras back to England.

(ii)

$\pink\bigstar$The Second Carnatic War (1749-54) :-

➞ There was war of succession between Chanda Saheb ( son - in - law of Dost Ali Khan ) and Anwar - ud - Din, for the Carnatic Nawabship.

➞ After the death of Nizam - ul - Mulk, the Deccan Subedar, in 1748, a war broke out between Mujaffar Jung ( grandson of Nizam - ul - Mulk ) and Nasir Jung ( son of Nizam - ul - Mulk ).

➞ The French signed a secret treaty with Muzaffar Jung and Chandan Sahib to help them with well - trained French forces.

➞ They defeated Nazir Jung and Anwar - ud - Din, the Nawab of Carnatic and gained monopoly of trade over south India.

➞ Anwar - ud - Din died in the battle and his son Muhammad Ali ran away. On the other hand, the English plotted with Nazir Jung and defeated the French army.

(iii)

$\blue\bigstar$The Third Carnatic War (1756 - 63) :-

⇢ The Third Carnatic War began in 1756 between the French and the English. When the French besieged Madras, Robert Clive sent Colonel Ford to occupy Northern Circars.

⇢ Ford occupied Northern Circars and brought Salabat Jung ( the fourth Nizam of Hyderabad ) under his control.

⇢ Salabat Jung gave Northern Circars to the British.

⇢ A battle took place in 1760 at Wandiwash between the English and the French. The French were defeated.

⇢ Pondicherry ( now Puducherry) was occupied by the British.

⇢ When the seven year war ended in Europe in 1763, the Treaty of Paris was signed.

⇢ As per this treaty, Pondicherry was given back to the French.

⇢ Robert Clive, succeeded in making a name for himself among the native prices. He won many more battles for the English and foiled Dupleix, the French General, at every turn.

⇢ As a result of constant defeats, Dupleix was called back to France in disgrace.

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