describe the following features of Harappan civilization in two to three sentences. Road
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Answer:
The Indus River Valley Civilization, also known as Harappan civilization, developed the first accurate system of standardized weights and measures, some as accurate as to 1.6 mm.
Harappans created sculpture, seals, pottery, and jewelry from materials, such as terracotta, metal, and stone
Answer:
Harappa, the ancient town on which the Harappan civilization is named, is located near the banks of Ravi river in Punjab province of Pakistan. It was divided into two major parts, the citadel and the lower town, both of them being walled. Many of the structures inside were raised on high platforms, which served as foundations. Extensive town planning was done with the typical Harappan grid pattern used in the town.
Town Planning:
These cities show immaculate town planning.
The city of Harappa was divided into two parts, i.e. western and eastern parts.
The western part of the city was smaller but higher. The higher part was called the citadel. The citadel contained some special structures.
The eastern part of the city was larger but lower. The lower part was called the lower city.
A huge tank has been found within the citadel. This has been named as the Great Bath by archaeologists. This was made from baked bricks. Its walls and floors were sealed by naturally occurring tar. There were steps on all sides so that people could easily go down the tank. Rooms were built around it. The historians guess that this was used by the ruling classes; for ritual bath.
Rich people lived in the upper part of the city.
Workers lived in the lower part of the city.
Use of Baked Bricks:
Houses and other structures were made of baked bricks. Bricks were of uniform size. This means that the people of Harappa had developed good workmanship. Bricks were joined in interlocking pattern. This gave more strength to the building.
Roads and Drainage:
Roads were paved with bricks. The road intersected at right angles. The drainage system was properly planned. Drain from each house was connected to the drains in the streets. Drains were covered with stone slabs. Inspection holes were made at frequent intervals on the drain.
Planned Houses:
The walls of the houses were strong and thick. Some of the houses were two storey high. This shows the well developed architecture in those days. A house normally had a kitchen, a bathroom and a large courtyard. Wells were also present in most of the houses; to ensure continuous supply of water.
Granaries:
In the cities of the Indus Valley Civilization; a large granary has been found. Charred grains have been found in these granaries. This shows that food grain production was surplus during this period. Historians also guess that taxes were collected in the form of grains. Grains collected as tax were stored in such large granaries.
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