Question

Describe the formation of single covalent bonds in H2, Cl2, H2O, CH4, NH3 and HCl as the sharing of pairs of electrons leading to the noble gas configuration.

Answer 1

$\bold{FOR \: HYDROGEN}$

Hydrogen is an element with valency one , so to be stable like nearest noble gas helium , it need one electron.During formation of$H_2$

Two atom of hydrogen shares there electrons by covalent bond and becomes stable.

$H^{+1} \longrightarrow\longleftarrow. H^{+1}$

$[H^{+1}] - [H^{+1}]$

Held by single covalent bond.

$\bold{FOR \: CHLORINE}$

Chlorine is a non metal with valency one , so to be stable like nearest noble gas argon , it need to gain one electron.During formation of$Cl_2$

Two atom of chlorine shares there electrons by single covalent bond and becomes stable.

$Cl^{-1} \longrightarrow\longleftarrow. Cl^{-1}$

$[Cl^{-1}] - [Cl^{+1}]$

Held by single covalent bond.

$\bold{FOR \: WATER}$

Hydrogen is an element with valency one so to be stable like nearest noble gas helium and oxygen is a element with valence electron six so to be stable like nearest noble gas argon , it need two electrons.

During formation of$H_2O$

Two atom of hydrogen shares there electrons with two electrons with oxygen by covalent bond and becomes stable.

$H^{+1} \longrightarrow O^{-2}\longleftarrow. H^{+1}$

$[H^{+1}] - [O^{-2}] - [H^{+1}]$

Held by two single covalent bonds.

$\bold{FOR \: METHANE}$

Carbon is a non metal with valency four so to be stable like nearest noble gas argon it needs four electrons and hydrogen is a element with valency one so to be stable like nearest noble gas helium , it need one electron.

During formation of$CH_4$

Four atom of hydrogen shares there electrons with carbon to complete its four valency by covalent bond and becomes stable.

$................... H^{+1}...........$
$...................\downarrow..........$
$[H^{+1}] \longrightarrow [C^{-4}] \longleftarrow [H^{+1}]$
$....................\uparrow...............$
$...................... H^{+1}..................$

$.................[ H].................$
$...................|...................$
$.........[H] - [C] - [H]........$
$....................|................. .$
$.................[ H].................$

Held by four single covalent bonds.

$\bold{FOR \: AMMONIA}$

Nitrogen is a non metal with valency five so to be stable like nearest noble gas argon it needs three electrons and hydrogen is a element with valency one so to be stable like nearest noble gas helium , it need one electron.

During formation of$NH_3$

Three atom of hydrogen shares there electrons with nitrogen to complete its three valency by covalent bond and becomes stable.

$.................. H^{+1}..................$
$...................\downarrow..........$
$[H^{+1}] \longrightarrow [N^{-3}] \longleftarrow[H^{+1}]$

$..................[H]..................$
$.........[H] - [N] - [H].........$

Held by three single covalent bonds.

$\bold{FOR \: HYDROCHLORIC \: ACID }$

Hydrogen is an element with valency one so to be stable like nearest noble gas helium and Chlorine is a non metal with valency one , so to be stable like nearest noble gas argon.

During formation of$HCl$

One atom of hydrogen shares one electrons with chlorine electron .

$H^{+1} \longrightarrow\longleftarrow. Cl^{-1}$
$[H^{+1}] - [Cl^{+1}]$

Held by single covalent bond.

Answer 2

Answer:

In the formation of ions when a metal and non-metal react together, the electrons are transferred from the outer shell of the metal to the outer shell of the non-metal. When two non-metal atoms react they share a pair of electrons. This is called covalent bonding. In a hydrogen molecule, both hydrogen atoms share one electron with each other to form a pair. This pair of shared electrons is a single covalent bond.

Explanation: