Question

Describe the formation of soap and cleaning action of soap

Answer 1

Cleansing action of Soaps and detergents. Most of the dirt is oily in nature and oil does not dissolve in water. The molecule of soap constitutes sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids. ... Therefore, it forms an emulsion in water and helps in dissolving the dirt when we wash our clothes.

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Answer 2

Formation of soaps

Soaps are formed by a process called soaponification reaction, where ester nothing but ethyl acetate when mixed with a base called Sodium hydroxide(NaOH) gives a ethonal and sodium acetate.

This sodium acetate is used to prepare soap.

Cleansening action of soaps:

Soap molecules have different properties at their two ends.Its one end is hydrophilic (soluble in water) and other is hydrophobic (soluble in fats or oils)

At the surface of water, the hydrophobic ends or tails of soaps will be soluble in water and the soaps will align along the surface of water with ionic end in water and the hydrocarbon'tail' protruding out of water.

Inside water, these molecules show a unique orientation that keeps the hydrocarbon portion out of the water. this is done by forming clusters of molecules in which the hydrophobic tails are in the interior of the cluster and on the surface of clusters ionic ends are present.

this formation of clusters of molecules is called micelle . This is removed by washing clothes by agitation.