describe the four important factors responsible for the beginning of the industrial revolution in Britain
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Explanation:
The Beginning of Industrialization in Britain
The Industrial Revolution saw a rapid development of industry take place in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, soon spreading to Western Europe and North America. New and improved large-scale production methods and machinery marked the beginnings of Industrialization. Many different factors contributed to the rise of the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The new inventions, access to raw materials, trade routes and partners, social changes, and a stable government all paved the way for Britain to become an industry-driven country. Britain started the revolution that would develop the way in which we live today.
The Main Reasons Industrialization Broke Out in Britain First
Causes
Access to Raw Materials
Britain had access to cotton from its colonies and could use slaves to collect it. As technology improved, cotton picking became easier and was a booming industry. Coal, iron, lead, copper, tin, limestone, and water power were also readily available for the British to use for their industrial advancement.1 In conjunction with the navigable waterways in Britain, these ships could transport much larger amounts of coal than land modes. This coal was widely available in 18th-Century Britain. Also, coal provided much more energy potential than wood, which was the main prior producer of energy.2 The city of Bristol saw massive increases in coal production over a course of 120+ years, beginning with 90,000 tons produced in 1700, all the way to a production of 600,000 tons by 1830. Iron was the preferred metal for tools and equipment until steel was used. The iron and steel factories caused dense fogs of soot and noxious waste gases, which then caused diseases. The burning of coal also caused severe air pollution.
According to Eric Hobsbawm, “transportation and communication were comparatively easy and cheap, since no part of Britain is more than seventy miles away from the sea, and even less from some navigable waterway.” This was true in eighteenth century Britain. Canals were built in the rivers of Britain from 1760-1800 to allow ships to transport goods and for a quicker rate. Britain had access to local and international economies because of their powerful Navy and other ships.3 Railroads were also built to allow more efficient trade and transportation of goods. The first public railway opened in 1825 and ran from Stockton to Darlington. Built by George Stephenson, the Newcastle based father of the railways, this was the precursor of the Liverpool to Manchester railway and ultimately the national rail network.(4) The British government allowed foreign trade and domestic to occur to expand the economy and grow
All of these changes occurring in Britain were held together by its stable government. Regular meetings of Parliament, and longer legislative sessions, allowed time to deal with local issues. Fewer bills failed, and promoters grew in confidence so that the number of petitions and bills increased rapidly.(12) There were drastic differences in the economies when comparing Britain to other European mainland countries. The pound sterling was the national currency during the entire pre-industrial and Industrial Revolution time period time, and it is still the currency used to today in Britain.
New Inventions
The creation of new inventions sparked the change of many industries in Britain. The Steam Engine, invented in 1763 by James Watt, created a huge boost in production. From the years 1804-1805, an engineer, John Farey, visited every steam-powered establishment in London, from calico printers to iron foundries and breweries. While he was there, he counted 112 steam engines at work, which were producing 1,355 horsepower. He then compared that to the 32 steam engines in Manchester, which was producing less than a third of that energy. In 1825, on the cusp of the railway era and the massive expansion of the Lancashire textiles industry, there were about 290 steam engines in London, compared with 240 in Manchester, 130 in Leeds, and 80 to 90 in Glasgow.(6)
Answer:
Many different factors contributed to the rise of the Industrial Revolution in Britain. ... The new inventions, access to raw materials, trade routes and partners, social changes, and a stable government all paved the way for Britain to become an industry-driven country.