Describe the French Revolution.
Answers
"In France, nine-tenths of the population died of hunger and one
tenth of indigestion".
It is clear from this that while the majority in France lived in misery
a minority, including the rulers, led a life of luxury and extravagance.
This situation was the result of the social and economic inequality
that existed in France. The French society was divided into three
strata and they were known as the Estate.
Voltaire-Ridiculed the exploitation of clergy.
• Promoted rational thinking, ideals of equality and humanism.
Rousseau-• Spelled out the importance of freedom with the statement,
'Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains'.
• Declared that the people are the sovereign.
Montesquieu -• Encouraged democracy and the Republic.
• Suggested division of powers of the government into
legislature, executive, and judiciary
Physiocrats-The economists who advocated for
the freedom of everyone to own
and manage property
• Promoted the interests of the
middle class
Philosphes-• The thinkers, scientists and
writers who gave primacy to
reasoning
• Compiled encyclopedia and made
scientific thought popular .
The luxurious life and squander of the Bourbon kings, clergy and
lords and the frequent wars they waged, along with the frequent spells of drought and crop failure, brought France to the brink of bankruptcy. The financial and military assistance given to American colonies in the American War of Independence also aggravated the financial crisis in France. To levy new taxes upon commoners, Louis XVI summoned the States General, the legislative assembly of the representatives from all the three estates, in 1789. Similar to the French society, the States General also had three estates. Traditionally, each Estate would vote as a group and had one vote. As a result,the nobility and the clergy could always overrule the Third Estate. The first two Estates argued for Estate wise single voting system, while the Third Estate (the Commons)demanded individual vote for each member of all the three estates.While the arguments went on, the members of the Third Estate declared themselves as the National Assembly of France. They assembled in the tennis court nearby, and swore not to leave until they had framed a constitution of France.
This event is known as the 'Tennis Court Oath'.
14 July 1789 Revolutionaries stormed with the slogan 'liberty,
equality, and fraternity', demolished the Bastille prison, the symbol of
Bourbon monarchy. This event is considered as the commencement
of the French Revolution.
12 August 1789 The National Assembly passed the Declaration of
the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
October, 1789 Thousands of women marched from Paris to the
Palace of Versailles with the slogan 'Give us bread'.
September, 1792 The National Convention, formed as per the new
constitution, proclaimed France as a republic.
The French who revolted for noble aims had to survive under the
autocratic rule of Napoleon Bonaparte for a short period. Napoleon
played a crucial role in defeating the European alliance which was
formed under the leadership of Britain against France in the postrevolution
period. He seized the power in France in 1799. Though
an autocrat, he instituted several reforms in France. Those reforms
were stimulated by the ideas and aims of the French Revolution.
In France, nationalism strengthened during the reign of Napoleon. One by one,he invaded the other European countries. The European countries feared that the reforms of Napoleon would spread all over Europe. They organized themselves under the leadership of England. It was the ideals of
the French Revolution and not Napoleon that they were afraid of. Napoleon was defeated by the European Alliance in the battle of Waterloo and lost his power in 1815.
it is a Revolution which outbreak during the period of 1774 .
the following are some circumstances leading to the outbreak of Revolutionary protest in France:
rumours spread that King would soon order to open fire upon the citizens.
most people were protesting against the high Precision bread.
in 1774 Louis XVI and become the emperor of France e found an Empty treasury so he started increasing taxes.
French society in the 18th century was divided into three states only members of third estate paid taxes.
wages did not keep pace with the rise in prices
privilege based on birth.
France abolished monarchy and become a republic:
# Louis XVI had signed the constitution but he entered into secret negotiations with the king of Prussia .
rulers of other neighbouring countries to worried by the development in France and made beans to send troops to stop the Revolutionary events taking place.
before this could happen the national assembly voted in April 1792 to declare war against prussia and Austria.
thousands of voluntary is joined the army from the provinces to join the Army.
peoples are this war is a war of the people against King aristocracies all over Europe.
the patriotic song marsellis is composed by the poet Robert De isol of France Sun for the first time by volunteers from mersiless as they mast into Paris which is now the National Anthem of France.
jacobins start wearing long strip trouser one came to be known as the sans cuettos , literally meaning those without knee breeches.
# Reign of Terror :
the period before 1793 to 1794 is referred to as the reign of Terror Robespierre followed a policy of server control and punishment.
all is anyways X novels and club members of other political parties even members of his own party who did not agree with methods were arrested imprisoned and guielotined .
Robespierre's government issued last piece in a maximum ceiling on wages and prices.
meat and bread were rationed .
peasants were forced to transport their brain to the cities and sell it at price is fixed by the government.
the use of more expensive white floor was forbidden.
Church is Varsha down and their building converted into barracks and offices .
# French society during the late eighteenth century.
in 1774 Louis XVI of the Bourbon family of Kings ascended The Throne of France.
long hairs of War Hadron the financial resources of France.
under Louis XVI France help the 13 American colonies to gain their Independence from the common enemy Britain.
to meet its regular expensive such as the cost of maintaining and army the court running government offices aur University is the state was forced to increase taxes.
French society in the 18th century was divided into three states the people of third estate pay taxes.
the members of the first two state the clergy and nobility injured certain privileges by birth.
pictures to extracted its share of taxes called tithes from third estate.
# the outbreak of revolution:
15 may 1789 Louis XVI call together and Assembly Of The estate general to pass proposal for new taxes.
the first and second estate sent 300 preventative speech and 600 members of third estate.
peasants auditions and women were denied to enter the Assembly.
representatives of third estate viewed themselves as spokesman for the whole French Nation.
Hyundai assembled in hall of an indoor tennis court in the grounds of Versailles .
they declared themself a national assembly.
Thevar lead by mirabeau and Abbi sieyis .
while the crowd of Angry women's turned into a shop of Bakery on 14 July the agitated crowd stormed and destroyed the bestille .
Louis XVI finally accorded recognisation to the national assembly and accepted the principle that his powers wood from now on be checked by our constitution.