describe the functional unit of kidney with the help of diagram (5mqrks )
Answers
The nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney. It is composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillaries called a glomerulus and an encompassing Bowman's capsule. ... A healthy adult has 0.8 to 1.5 million nephrons in each kidney.
Answer:
The structural and functional unit of kidneys is the nephron.
Nephron consists of a long coiled tube differentiated into - Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct.
1. At the proximal end of the nephron lies a double walled cup shaped structure called bowman 's capsule.
2. The bowman' s capsule contain a bundle of blood capillaries which is called glomerulus.
3. In the glomerulus, the blood that comes in through afferent arteriole is drained out through efferent arteriole.
1. Filtration :- Filtration of blood
takes place in bowman's capsule from the capillaries of glomerulus. This takes place under high pressure. The filtrate passes into the Tubular part of the nephron. The filtrate contains glucose amino acids urea uric acid salt and major amount of water.
2. Re absorption :- As the filtrate flows along the tubule, useful substances such as glucose amino acids salt and water are selectively reabsorbed into the blood by capillary surrounding the nephron tubule
The amount of water reabsorbed depends on the need of the body and also on the amount of waste to be excreted.
3. Tubular Secretion :- Certain substances which are harmful are not needed by the body like ammonia, potassium, creatinine and hydrogen ions which are secreted by the capillary blood into the lumen of distal convoluted tubule. This is called tubular secretion. The fluid entering the collecting tubule is called urine which flows through the ureters into the unit bladder where it is stored and discharged from time to time from the urethra.
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