Describe the geogrophical conditions, production and distribution of Sugarcane in India.
Answers
SUGARCANE: Sugarcane is a Kharif crop. It is the main source of sugar, gur and khandsari. It also provides raw material for the manufacturing of alcohol. Bagasse, the crushed cane residue, has also multiple uses. It is used for manufacturing of paper. It is also an efficient substitute for petroleum products and a host of other chemical products. A part of it is also used as fodder. Some of the geographical conditions for the growth of sugarcane are as follows:
Temperature: It requires hot and humid climate with an average temperature of 210C to 270C.
Rainfall: 75-150 cm rainfall is favorable for sugarcane cultivation. Irrigation is required in those areas where rainfall is less than the prescribed limit.
Soil: It can grow in a variety of soils. In fact sugarcane can tolerate any kind of soil that can retain moisture. But deep rich loamy soil is ideal for its growth. The soil should be rich in nitrogen, calcium and phosphorous but neither it should be too acidic nor alkaline. Flat, plain and level pleatue is an advantage for sugarcane cultivation because it facilitates irrigation and transportation of cane to the sugar mills. Sugarcane cultivation requires heavy manures and fertilizers because it exhausts the fertility of soils quickly and extensively.
Labour: It is a labour oriented cultivation and required cheap labour. Ample human hands are required at every stage, i.e. sowing, hoeing, weeding, irrigation, cutting and carrying sugarcanes to the factories.
Distribution: India has the largest area under sugarcane cultivation in the world and the second largest producer next to Brazil. As far as distribution of sugarcane cultivation in India is concerned, there are three distinct geographical regions in the country. These regions are:
The Sutlej-Ganga plain from Punjab to Bihar containing 51% of the total area and 60% of the country’s total production. Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of sugar in India.
The black soil belt from Maharashtra to Tamil Nadu along the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats.
Coastal Andhra Pradesh and Krishna river valley.
Explanation:
India India is going to be the original home of sugarcane it is commercial and industrial crop. it is a plant 2428 tropical reason it needs high temperature of about 25 degree Celsius and height and feel of about 150 it grows best on well drained alluvial soil it needs chief labour regular use of fertilizers irrigation and bright sunshine India is largest and oldest producer of sugarcane in the world India has the largest area under sugarcane in the world but the yield is low ups the largest producer of sugarcane in in India but Maharashtra is the main producer of sugar Punjab haryana Bihar are the other states producing sugarcane in northern India southern India with hot wet climate has favourable conditions for growing sugarcane with result higher yield is obtained mahanadi godavari Krishna kaveri deltas in Orissa Andhra Pradesh tamilnadu and Maharashtra are the other main producers of sugarcane in India