Describe the Hospitality and catering A student uses an echo method to measure the speed of sound. The student stands in front of a large wall and bangs two pieces of wood together. The student measures: • the time, T, between the original sound and hearing the echo, • the distance, D, between the pieces of wood and the wall. i State one piece of apparatus that the student should use to take the measurements. services provided by a fine dining restaurant
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3.4.2 The Speed of Sound
Experiments to Determine the Speed of Sound
In your IGCSE exam, you might be asked to describe a method of measuring the speed of sound
When giving your method, try and include the following things:
List all of the apparatus that you will need
Choose a suitable (realistic) distance over which you will measure the sound
Describe how you will measure this distance
Explain how you will produce a loud enough sound
Explain how you will time the sound (and how the timer will be started and stopped)
Explain how you will calculate the speed (give an equation)
State that you will then repeat the experiment several times and take an average
Three methods for carrying out this experiment are given below:
Method 1
sound-method-1, IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notesMeasuring the speed of sound directly between two points
Two people stand a distance of around 100m apart
The distance between them is measured using a trundle wheel
One of the people has two wooden blocks, which he bangs together above his head
The second person has a stopwatch which he starts when he sees the first person banging the blocks together and stops when he hears the sound
This is then repeated several times and an average value is taken for the time
The speed of sound can then be calculated using the equation:
Speed of sound equation (2), IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes
trundle-wheel, IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes
A trundle wheel can be used to measure large distances
Method 2
sound-method-2, IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notesMeasuring the speed of sound using echoes
A person stands about 50m away from a wall (or cliff). This distance is measured using a trundle wheel
The person claps two wooden blocks together and listens for the echo
The person then starts to clap the blocks together repeatedly, in rhythm with the echoes
A second person has a stopwatch and starts timing when he hears one of the claps and stops timing 20 claps later
The process is then repeated and an average time calculated
The distance travelled by the sound between each clap and echo will be (2 x 50) m
The total distance travelled by sound during the 20 claps will be (20 x 2 x 50) m
The speed of sound can be calculated from this distance and the time using the equation:
Speed of sound equation (2), IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes
Method 3
sound-method-3, IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notesMeasuring the speed of sound using an oscilloscope
Two microphones are connected to an oscilloscope and placed about 5 m apart
(This distance can be measured using a tape measure)
The oscilloscope is set up so that it triggers when the first microphone detects a sound, and the time base is adjusted so that the sound arriving at both microphones can be seen on the screen
Two wooden blocks are used to make a large clap next to the first microphone
The oscilloscope is then used to determine the time at which the clap reaches each microphone, and the time difference between them
This is repeated several times and an average time difference calculated
The speed can then be calculated using the equation:
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