describe the ideology of nazism
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Nazism, also spelled Naziism, in full National Socialism, German Nationalsozialismus, totalitarian movement led by Adolf Hitler as head of the Nazi Party in Germany. In its intense nationalism, mass appeal, and dictatorial rule, Nazism shared many elements with Italian fascism.
Adolf Hitler and his followers in the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) had a strong commitment to values and ideas. Under Hitler’s leadership, the NSDAP developed its own ideology, which informed both its methods and objectives. They called this ideology National Socialism; today it is more commonly referred to as Nazism. Ideology seems central to the Nazi movement – however, while Nazism revolved around some common ideas and prejudices, Nazi ideology was relatively fluid. The NSDAP had very few clear and concrete expressions of its ideology, only its 25 Points (drafted in 1920) and Hitler’s rambling memoir Mein Kampf (1924). In many respects, Nazi ideology was defined by Hitler himself. It was contained in his speeches, policy statements and orders. It could and did change over time, as Hitler’s objectives changed, and was not without its contradictions.
Nazism was one of three radical ideologies to appear in Europe in the wake of World War I. Fascism, often dubbed the ‘older brother’ of Nazism, first appeared in Italy during World War I. Devised largely by Benito Mussolini, fascism rejected socialism and democracy in favour of an authoritarian political and economic system, dominated by a single leader. Soviet socialism, a left-wing ideology with elements of totalitarianism, emerged after the 1917 Bolshevik revolution in Russia. Nazism had some similarities to both, particularly fascism – but it was also a distinctly national phenomenon, derived from ideas, events and conditions that were peculiar to Germany. Nazi ideology was developed by intense nationalists whose only interests were the future of Germany and German-speaking Aryan people. The Nazis had no interest in starting an international movement, exporting their ideas to other countries or changing the world outside mainland Europe. Their chief concern was the restoration of German economic and military supremacy.
Adolf Hitler and his followers in the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) had a strong commitment to values and ideas. Under Hitler’s leadership, the NSDAP developed its own ideology, which informed both its methods and objectives. They called this ideology National Socialism; today it is more commonly referred to as Nazism. Ideology seems central to the Nazi movement – however, while Nazism revolved around some common ideas and prejudices, Nazi ideology was relatively fluid. The NSDAP had very few clear and concrete expressions of its ideology, only its 25 Points (drafted in 1920) and Hitler’s rambling memoir Mein Kampf (1924). In many respects, Nazi ideology was defined by Hitler himself. It was contained in his speeches, policy statements and orders. It could and did change over time, as Hitler’s objectives changed, and was not without its contradictions.
Nazism was one of three radical ideologies to appear in Europe in the wake of World War I. Fascism, often dubbed the ‘older brother’ of Nazism, first appeared in Italy during World War I. Devised largely by Benito Mussolini, fascism rejected socialism and democracy in favour of an authoritarian political and economic system, dominated by a single leader. Soviet socialism, a left-wing ideology with elements of totalitarianism, emerged after the 1917 Bolshevik revolution in Russia. Nazism had some similarities to both, particularly fascism – but it was also a distinctly national phenomenon, derived from ideas, events and conditions that were peculiar to Germany. Nazi ideology was developed by intense nationalists whose only interests were the future of Germany and German-speaking Aryan people. The Nazis had no interest in starting an international movement, exporting their ideas to other countries or changing the world outside mainland Europe. Their chief concern was the restoration of German economic and military supremacy.
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The Nazis believed Germans were members of a “master race,” superior in mind and body to all other peoples. The Nazi state sought to foster this supposed “superiority” by preventing Germans from intermingling with “inferior” peoples, and encouraging the number of children born to “healthy” members of society while preventing the procreation of “inferior” types.
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