Question

Describe the industrialisation of india during the colonial period , citing any two industries as example .

Answer 1

Answer:

The British government’s attitude to

industrial development in India was

lukewarm. It did not establish heavy

industries in India as they would become

competitors to British industries. But

the growing national movement and the

Revolt of 1857 put pressure on the British

to do something about industry in India.

The recurring famines also added to this

pressure. The Famine Commission also

recommended the setting up of factories.

The Swadeshi Movement started by

Mahatma Gandhi, which stressed the need

to develop indigenous industries, also gave

a boost to the industrialisation. Large-scale

industries required large-scale movement of

raw materials and finished products. India

did not have modern and efficient means of

transport and communication. So the British

started building roads, railways and steam

navigation for transporting raw materials

and finished goods. The British invested

largely in factories and mines. They built

jute factories in Calcutta and cotton mills

in Kanpur, followed by metal works, coal

mines etc. This encouraged the growth of

ancillary industries, usually run by Indians.

World War I made the British realise the

need to develop major industries in India to

supplement factories in Britain. Since it was

difficult to get supplies from England due

to the war, the British were forced to start

factories in India. The country’s first large-

scale industry was set up in the middle of the

19th century with Bombay as the centre. The

first major cotton mill was set up in Bombay

by Cowasjee Nanabhai. This was followed

by one in Ahmadabad, Madras, Kanpur,

Nagpur etc. However, they had to face stiff

competition from British mills. The iron and

steel industry was started in a modest scale

but grew by leaps and bounds. In 1907, The

Tata Iron and Steel Company was founded

by Nusserwanji Tata in Jamshedpur, the first

Indian-owned steel producing unit in India.

Answer 2

Answer:

The causes of de-industrialization are region or country specific as in the case of India in the 19th and 20th century. The colonial rule under British destroyed textile and handicrafts industries through their policies and introduction of machine made goods in to the Indian market.

Explanation:

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