Question

describe the jagirdari system in mughal kingdom

Answer 1

A jagir (IAST: Jāgīr), also spelled as jageer,[1]was a type of feudal land grant in South Asiaat the foundation of its Jagirdar system.[2][3] It developed during the Islamic rule era of the Indian subcontinent, starting in the early 13th century, wherein the powers to govern and collect tax from an estate was granted to an appointee of the state.[2] The tenants were considered to be in the servitude of the jagirdar.[4] There were two forms of jagir, one being conditional and the other unconditional. The conditional jagir required the governing family to maintain troops and provide their service to the state when asked.[2][3] The land grant was called iqta, usually for a holder's lifetime, and the land reverted to the state upon the death of the jagirdar.[2][5]

The jagirdar system was introduced by the Delhi Sultanate,[2] and continued during the Mughal Empire,[6] but with a difference. In the Mughal times, the jagirdar collected taxes which paid his salary and the rest to the Mughal treasury, while the administration and military authority was given to a separate Mughal appointee.[7] After the collapse of Mughal Empire, the system of jagirs was retained by Rajput and Sikh kingdoms, and later in a form by the British East India Compan