Question

Describe the main features of Central and provincial administration under the Mughals

Answer 1

According to J.N. Sarkar, the administration of a province “was an exact miniature of the Central Government.”

Dr. Ishwari Prasad calls ‘Suba’ as a “replica of the empire in every respect.”

The provincial administration was organised on the model of central administration.

Answer 2

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✔Centralised administration was established under the king who controlled the entire administration.

✔He was helped by a Council of Ministers.

✔Wakil was the Prime Minister, diwan or wazir was the minister of revenue and expenditure.

✔Mir Bakshi was the minister of military administration, Mir Saman was the minister of royal household and Sadr was the minister fir enforcing the Islamic law, sharia.

✔The empire was divided into subas(provinces), each governed by the subedar.

✔The subas were further divided into sarkars (districts) which were divided into parganas, each made up of a number of villages.

✔Officers of administration were paid regular salaries.

✔The towns were administered by Kotwalas who maintained law and order, checked weights and measures, and kept a record of people living in the area.

✔Infantry, cavalry, war elephants and artillery were present in Mughal army.