describe the main features of the constitution of france in 1791. mention any five points.
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Main Features of the Constitution of Fifth Republic France:
1. Written, Brief and Enacted Constitution:
The Constitution of the Fifth Republic is a written and enacted Constitution like the Constitution of the United States of America. Initially it consisted of a Preamble and 92 Articles. However, after Algerian independence and dropping of the provision regarding French Community, the total number of Articles came down to 89. These now stand divided into XVII Titles (Chapters). Each title contains provisions covering a particular institution/feature of the constitutional system.
2. Preamble of the Constitution:
The Constitution opens with a Preamble which projects the objectives and ideals underlying the enactment of the Constitution. It reads: “The French people solemnly proclaim their attachment to the rights of man and to the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of1789 and confirmed and completed by the Preamble to the Constitution of 1946.”
“By virtue of these principles and that of the free determination of people, the Republic offers to those overseas territories which express a desire to accept membership of the new institutions founded on the common ideal of liberty, equality and fraternity and conceived with a view to their democratic evolution.”
Art 2 states that the motto of the Republic is Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.
3. Popular Sovereignty:
Like the constitutions of India and the U.S.A., the French Constitution of 1958 affirms belief in the sovereignty of the people. Article 3 declares: “National Sovereignty belongs to the people, who exercise it through their representatives and by way of referendum. No section of the people and no individual may claim to exercise it….” Further, the Constitution in its Article 2 declares: “Its principle is Government of the people by the people and for the people.”
4. Constitution is the Supreme Law:
The French Constitution is the supreme law of the land. Every organ of the government derives its powers from the Constitution. Acts and Laws of all the authorities are subject to the review of the Constitutional Council which can reject anything that it finds to be unconstitutional.
5. France is a Secular State:
France, like India, is a secular polity. Article 2 declares: “France is an indivisible, secular, democratic and social Republic. It ensures equality of all citizens before law without distinction of origin, race or religion. It respects all beliefs…… The motto of the Republic is liberty, equality and fraternity.”
1. Written, Brief and Enacted Constitution:
The Constitution of the Fifth Republic is a written and enacted Constitution like the Constitution of the United States of America. Initially it consisted of a Preamble and 92 Articles. However, after Algerian independence and dropping of the provision regarding French Community, the total number of Articles came down to 89. These now stand divided into XVII Titles (Chapters). Each title contains provisions covering a particular institution/feature of the constitutional system.
2. Preamble of the Constitution:
The Constitution opens with a Preamble which projects the objectives and ideals underlying the enactment of the Constitution. It reads: “The French people solemnly proclaim their attachment to the rights of man and to the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of1789 and confirmed and completed by the Preamble to the Constitution of 1946.”
“By virtue of these principles and that of the free determination of people, the Republic offers to those overseas territories which express a desire to accept membership of the new institutions founded on the common ideal of liberty, equality and fraternity and conceived with a view to their democratic evolution.”
Art 2 states that the motto of the Republic is Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.
3. Popular Sovereignty:
Like the constitutions of India and the U.S.A., the French Constitution of 1958 affirms belief in the sovereignty of the people. Article 3 declares: “National Sovereignty belongs to the people, who exercise it through their representatives and by way of referendum. No section of the people and no individual may claim to exercise it….” Further, the Constitution in its Article 2 declares: “Its principle is Government of the people by the people and for the people.”
4. Constitution is the Supreme Law:
The French Constitution is the supreme law of the land. Every organ of the government derives its powers from the Constitution. Acts and Laws of all the authorities are subject to the review of the Constitutional Council which can reject anything that it finds to be unconstitutional.
5. France is a Secular State:
France, like India, is a secular polity. Article 2 declares: “France is an indivisible, secular, democratic and social Republic. It ensures equality of all citizens before law without distinction of origin, race or religion. It respects all beliefs…… The motto of the Republic is liberty, equality and fraternity.”
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Question :-
What were the main feature of constitution of 1791 framed by National Assembly of France
Answer :-
Features of the Constitution of 1791 framed by the National Assembly :
(i) Limit the power of the Monarch.
(ii) Powers were separated to different institutions - the Legislature, Executive and the Judiciary.
(iii) Constitutional monarchy was introduced.
(iv) Power to make laws to National Assembly.
(v) Citizens were grouped into active and passive citizens i.e. active citizens had right to vote.
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